Synthesis and Characteristics of Dodecyl Isopropylolamine and Derived Surfactants

Dodecyl isopropylolamine has been synthesized on the basis of dodecylamine and propylene oxide. The structure of dodecyl isopropanolamine has been determined by X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR‐ and NMR‐spectroscopic methods. Ionic surfactants have been synthesized by interaction of dodecyl isopropylolamine with various acids (HCl, HBr, acetic and propionic) and alkyl halides (methyl iodide, ethyl bromide and n‐propyl bromide). Colloidal‐chemical parameters, petroleum‐collecting and petroleum dispersing capacities of the synthesized cationic surfactants have been studied.     

Equalizing the transmission gain of the energy analyzer-secondary-electron multiplier system

An electric circuit for applying the voltage, determined by the voltage across electrodes of the energy analyzer, to the control grid, placed at the input of the detector of the secondary-electron multiplier, has been designed. With the transmission gains of the analyzer and saw-tooth voltage divider that powers the energy analyzer being equal, the constancy of particle energy at the detector input is maintained and the transmission gain of the section is thereby kept unchanged in the whole energy range of analyzed particles.     

Physicochemical Interactions in the GeSb2Te4–PbSb2Te4 System

Semiconductors - For the first time, the GeSb2Te4–PbSb2Te4 section of the GeTe–Sb2Te3–PbTe quasi-ternary system is investigated by complex methods of physicochemical analysis...     

Thermoelectric properties of tetradymite-like layered materials in the pseudoternary system Sb<Subscript>2</Subscript>Te<Subscript>3</Subscript>–GeTe–Bi<Subscript>2</Subscript>Te<Subscript>3</Subscript>

The Hall coefficient, resistivity, and thermoelectric power of quaternary tetradymite-like layered materials in the pseudoternary system Sb₂Te₃–GeTe–Bi₂Te₃ have been measured in the temperature range 100–800 K. The results demonstrate that all of the samples studied in the Sb₂Te₃–GeTe–Bi₂Te₃ system are p-type and have high hole concentration due to point defects. Plots of lnσ against 1/T in the intrinsic region were used to evaluate the band gap (ΔE) of two materials: GeSb_3.91Bi_0.03Te_6.91(ΔE = 0.22 eV) and GeSbBiTe₄ (ΔE = 0.197 eV).     

PbSbBiS4-Sb2S3 and PbSbBiS4-Bi2S3 joins in the PbS-Sb2S3-Bi2S3 system

Phase equilibria along the PbSbBiS₄-Sb₂S₃ and PbSbBiS₄-Bi₂S₃ joins of the PbS-Sb₂S₃-Bi₂S₃ system have been studied for the first time using differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, microstructural analysis, microhardness tests, and density measurements, and the phase diagrams of the joins have been mapped out. The joins are shown to be pseudobinary with limited series of terminal solid solutions. The solid solutions are p-type semiconductors.     

Thermoelectric Properties of Layered Compounds and Multicomponent Solid Solutions in the Pseudoternary System Sb<Subscript>2</Subscript>Te<Subscript>3</Subscript>–PbTe–Bi<Subscript>2</Subscript>Te<Subscript>3</Subscript>

The thermoelectric properties of layered compounds and solid solutions in the Sb₂Te₃–PbTe–Bi₂Te₃ system have been studied in a wide temperature range. The quaternary compounds and multicomponent solid solutions in this system have been shown to have a very low lattice thermal conductivity. The electrical conductivity of all the materials decreases with increasing temperature. All of the materials have been shown to be n-type. The layered compounds and multicomponent solid solutions have high thermoelectric efficiency, which makes them promising n-type thermoelectric materials.     

Nanostructure operations by means of the liquid metal ion sources

Characteristics of a disperse phase of liquid metal ion source on the basis of various working substances are investigated. It is revealed that generation of the charged particles occurs in the threshold image and is simultaneously accompanied by excitation of capillary instability on a surface of the emitter. The majority of particles has the size about 2 nm (Sn) and a specific charge of 5 × 10(4) C∕kg. If the working liquid possesses high viscosity (Ni), generation of nanodroplets does not occur. Gold nanoparticles are used for deposition on a surface of quartz cantilevers with the purpose of increase in sensitivity of biosensors and on an external surface of carbon nanotubes for creation pressure sensors. By means of an ion source nanostructures can be etched on a flat surface of conductive materials without difficult ion optics.