Analysis of Aftercavity Interaction in European ITER Gyrotrons and in the Compact Sub-THz Gyrotron FU CW-CI

Possibilities of arising of aftercavity interaction are analyzed in the ITER 170?GHz 2?MW coaxial cavity gyrotron and the 170?GHz 1?MW cylindrical cavity gyrotron, as well as in the compact 394.5?GHz low power gyrotron FU CW-CI. Also, the simulations for the gyrotron efficiency in the presence of aftercavity interaction are performed in the cold cavity approximation. Results of the analysis illustrate the subtle interplay between the geometry of the output taper and the profile of the magnetic field.     

ELECTRON GUN FOR LARGE ORBIT GYROTRON (LOG) WITH DECREASED INFLUENCE OF CATHODE PLASMA ON ELECTRON BEAM PROPERTIES

High power Large Orbit Gyrotron (LOG) [1] is now under development at FIR FU. First version of this device was recently manufactured and then assembled with power supply ETIGO-IV [2]. Results of preliminary tests of electron-optic system are presented. The conditions when stable flat form of current pulse realized are discussed. Analytical estimations of cathode-anode distance to achieve small influence of cathode plasma during high voltage (HV) pulse are performed. Two new electron gun versions with decreased influence of the cathode plasma on its impedance and pulse form are suggested and optimized. New optimal magnetic field distributions are found. First gun has quiasi-flat cathode configuration near the anode diaphragm and provides operating current about 60 A. Second one uses blade cathode with operating current about 30 A. Beam quality for both guns is suitable for LOG operation.     

Development of 394.6 GHz CW Gyrotron (Gyrotron FU CW II) for DNP/Proton-NMR at 600 MHz

Gyrotron FU CW II with an 8 T liquid He free superconducting magnet, the second gyrotron of the THz Gyrotron FU CW Series, has been constructed and the operation test was successfully carried out. It will be used for enhancing the sensitivity of 600 MHz proton-NMR by use of Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP). The designed operation mode of the gyrotron is TE_2,6 at the second harmonic. The corresponding frequency is 394.6 GHz. The real operation frequency is 394.3 GHz at TE₀₆ mode, because of fabrication error of the diameter of the cavity. The operation is in complete CW at the output power of around 30 W or higher at the TE₀₆ cavity mode. There are many other operation modes at the fundamental and the second harmonic. Typical output power of the fundamental and the second harmonic are higher than 100 W and 20 W, respectively. The highest frequency observed up to the present is 443.5 GHz at the second harmonic operation of TE_6,5 mode. The measured results are compared with the theoretical consideration.     

Gyrotron Output Power Stabilization by PID Feedback Control of Heater Current and Anode Voltage

To provide stable output power of a gyrotron during long operation time the power stabilization was achieved by two schemes with PID feedback control of heater current and anode voltage. It was based on the dependence of the output power on both the anode voltage and the beam current and also on the dependence of the beam current on the gun heater current. Both schemes provided decrease of the power standard deviation to 0.3-0.5%. The comparison between parameters of both schemes is discussed in the paper.     

Observation of Frequency Down-Shift in a Submillimeter Wave Gyrotron

Frequency down-shift in the initial stage of CW or long pulse operation of a submillimeter wave gyrotron, Gyrotron FU IV, is observed. The shift occurs in a few minutes after turning on the operation and the amount of the shift attains even 0.1 GHz. The observation results are analyzed on the basis of a simple model for heat conduction in the region of a resonant cavity. The frequency shift is explained consistently by expansion of the cavity.     

Self-adjusting anode power supply for a gyrotron

Sydney University's tunable cw gyrotrons use a simplified power supply arrangement to provide the voltages on the gun electrodes. The cathode supply is conventional, but the anode voltage is provided by a single highvalue resistor connected between the anode and ground. A small fraction of the electrons in the beam are reflected and the anode automatically finds an optimum operating potential. This arrangement is shown to have lower starting currents. Two advantages follow. It becomes easier to operate low-power gyrotrons with modest power supplies and it becomes easier to achieve higher frequencies by exciting harmonics of the electron cyclotron frequency.