Perfect Blind-Channel Shortening for Multicarrier Systems

In multicarrier systems, when the order of a channel impulse response is larger than the length of the cyclic prefix (CP), there is a significant performance degradation due to interblock interference (IBI). This paper proposes a blind-channel shortening method in which the equalizer parameter vector is formed by the noise subspace of the received signal correlation matrix so that the output power is maximized. The proposed method can not only shorten the effective channel impulse response to within the CP length but also maximize the output signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio while eliminating the IBI. We point out that the performance depends on the choice of a decision delay and propose a simple method for determining the appropriate delay. We propose both a batch algorithm and an adaptive algorithm and show by simulation that they are superior to the conventional algorithms.     

Communication network protocol for real-time distributed controland its LSI implementation

A new token-passing mechanism, priority token passing, which features real-time access and fast detection and recovery of transmission errors, is discussed in detail in comparison with standard token-passing protocols, and its large-scale integration (LSI)-oriented design concept is described. Priority token passing includes only a small performance overhead, due to its switching functions, which can change network topology from ring to broadcast medium. A token-holding node passes the token to another node after determining the successor through priority comparison. Errors occurring during token passing can, thus, be detected and corrected simply and promptly. Priority token passing has a simple hardware implementation, requiring only small additions to the frame control circuitry, and has a small implementation overhead. The priority token-passing protocol and two other important network communication functions, dual ring network reconfiguration and high-level data link control (HDLC) normal response mode-based message transmission, are designed as a single finite-state machine, and implemented into a compact LSI chip. This integrated instrument network (IINET) chip provides complete network communication services and requires only three additional external electronic components for operation     

Sequestration of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor m2 subtypes. Facilitation by G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK2) and attenuation by a dominant-negative mutant of GRK2

Sequestration of m2 receptors (muscarinic acetylcholine receptor m2 subtypes), which was assessed as loss of N-[3H]methylscopolamine ([3H]NMS) binding activity from the cell surface, was examined in COS 7 and BHK-21 cells that had been transfected with expression vectors encoding the m2 receptor and, independently, vectors encoding a G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK2) (beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1) or a GRK2 dominant-negative mutant (DN-GRK2). The sequestration of m2 receptors became apparent when the cells were treated with 10(-5) M or higher concentrations of carbamylcholine. In this case, approximately 40% or 20-25% of the [3H]NMS binding sites on COS 7 or BHK-21 cells, respectively, were sequestered with a half-life of 15-25 min. In cells in which GRK2 was also expressed, the sequestration became apparent in the presence of 10(-7) M carbamylcholine. Approximately 40% of the [3H]NMS binding sites on both COS 7 and BHK-21 cells were sequestered in the presence of 10(-6) M or higher concentrations of carbamylcholine. When DN-GRK2 was expressed in COS 7 cells, the proportion of [3H]NMS binding sites sequestered in the presence of 10(-5) M or higher concentrations of carbamylcholine was reduced to 20-30%. These results indicate that the phosphorylation of m2 receptors by GRK2 facilitates their sequestration. These results are in contrast with the absence of a correlation between sequestration and the phosphorylation of beta-adrenergic receptors by the GRK2 and suggests that the consequences of phosphorylation by GRK2 are different for different receptors.     

Intussusception caused by a carcinoma of the cecum during pregnancy: report of a case and review of the literature

Respiratory infections are the most common infection in children. They differ remarkably according to age, bacteria and viruses. Therefore a careful history of outbreak, age, former infections, involvement of surroundings, symptoms, etc are essential. The present study included 50 children, aged between 0.3 and 12 yrs, all treated ambulatorily. 21 received brodimoprim (B) and 29 erythromycin (E). Indications were: tonsillitis, bronchitis, otitis media, sinusitis and scarlet fever. Dosages were: B was given 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) initially followed by 5 mg/kg b.w., once-a-day. The duration of treatment varied between 4 and 14 days (mean 8.3 days). E was given 30.50 mg/kg b.w. 3 times per day; duration 4 to 14 days (mean 8.6 days). Overall results were: in group B:12 cures, 5 improvements, 3 failures; 1 not assessable. In group E: 20 cures, 8 improvements, 1 failure. Side effects: in group B: vomiting (1), skin reaction (2), discontinuation (2); in group E: skin reaction (1), diarrhea (5), diarrhea+vomiting (1); discontinuation (2). The differences in efficacy and tolerability in the two groups are not statistically significant. The improved compliance with a single versus t.i.d. dosages has to be taken into account.     

Interconnection-free biomolecular computing

The basic concept of interconnection-free biomolecular computing and its realization in a computing model based on the massive, natural parallelism between enzymes and their substrates are described. An approach to implementing the model is presented. The approach involves two primitive switching functions: detecting specific substrates in solution using enzyme-based biosensors and producing specific substrates in response to the electric signal from the biodevice's selection function. The major challenges involved in implementing the computational model are reviewed     

Model analysis on dispersion characteristics of fine particles in Newtonian molten polymer

In this paper, a model estimating the time-dependent distribution of cluster size consisting of fine particles in Newtonian molten polymer was proposed. The present model for agglomerative suspension was developed based on Usui’s thixotropy model, derived by taking the balance between shear breakup, shear coagulation and Brownian coagulation processes. The analysis was applied to the experimental results for silica/(ethylene methyl-meta acrylate copolymer) suspensions. The time variations of cluster size distributions, of viscosities and of the mean numbers of particles in a cluster were calculated and the results were compared with experimental results for the cases of shear rates from 0.2 to 10 s^?1 when the solid volume fraction was set at 0.15. From the results, it was found that the present model can estimated the steady state values of the slurry viscosity and the mean particle numbers in a cluster as well as Usui’s original model. However, the model could not sufficiently express the time variation of rheological characteristics due to the over-estimation of the contribution of shear rate when the cluster size is small.     

Adjuvant intra-arterial chemotherapy with gastrin receptor antagonist after hepatic resection in colorectal cancer metastasis

The aim of this study was to determine whether chemo-endocrine therapy after the resection of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer would prevent recurrence in the remnant liver and prolong survival. Eleven colorectal cancer patients underwent hepatic resection for liver metastasis. Subsequently, they were administered Proglumide gastrin antagonist 1,200 mg/day + 5'-DFUR 800 mg/day for 2 years. In seven of them, MMC 6-10 mg and ADM 20 mg were infused intra-arterially every two weeks alternately for one year. In four of them, 5-FU 250 mg/day was infused for seven days continuously intra-arterially every two weeks for one year. Recurrence in the remnant liver occurred in four of 11 patients. All of these patients underwent repeated hepatectomy. The mean disease-free survival in the remnant liver was 37 months and the five-year survival rate was 91%. These results indicate that intra-arterial chemotherapy with gastrin receptor antagonist might be effective for adjuvant therapy in patients with resectable liver metastasis from colorectal cancer.     

Effects of dietary vegetable oils on behavior and drug responses in mice

Previously, we noted significant differences in the behavioral patterns of mice fed safflower oil with a very low alpha-linolenate/linoleate ratio and perilla oil with a high alpha-linolenate/linoleate ratio from mothers to offsprings. In this report, we compared the behavior and drug responses in mice fed diets containing six different vegetable oils-corn, rapeseed, soybean, safflower, perilla and a mixture of perilla and safflower oils- for a relatively short period: 8 months after weaning. Soybean oil is a component of most conventional diets and was used as a control. The alpha-linolenate/linoleate ratios of the oils appeared to affect the locomotor activities in a wheel cage: the activity decreased in the order of safflower, the mixture (1:1) and the perilla oil groups. However, the rapeseed oil group exhibited much higher locomotor activity than that expected from the alpha-linolenate/linoleate ratio. Additionally, the rapeseed oil group exhibited unusual behavior patterns, including higher ambulation and rearing activities, faster acquisition of the water maze task and slower habituation behavior as compared with the control group. Susceptibility to pentobarbital anesthesia tended to be higher in the rapeseed oil group. The differences in the alpha-linolenate/linoleate ratios of these oils alone do not account for the observed differences in the behavioral patterns among the six dietary groups. Although we cannot exclude the possibility that the observed behavioral anomaly is due to the unique fatty acid composition of rapeseed oil, we speculate that a factor(s) other than fatty acids in rapeseed oil affected nervous system functions.     

Effect of micro ploughing during fine particle peening process on the microstructure of metallic materials

In this study, the mechanism of microstructural changes induced by fine particle peening (FPP) treatment was analyzed. Ti–6Al–4V alloy specimens treated with FPP, using tool steel particles with a peening time ranging from 0.1 to 30 s were prepared and examined. Observation of the specimen with short-term FPP treatment revealed that two types of collision dents were formed by the micro abrasive behavior between collided particles and specimen surface. One was the “indented dent,” formed by particles that collided with the surface vertically, and the other was the “ploughed dent,” accompanied by a heap of piled-up material that was ploughed aside during the formation of this dent. Analyses using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the presence of particle fragments transferred to the ploughed dents, although no fragments were observed on the indented dents. With an increase in peening time, transferred fragments were embedded into treated materials by deformed material due to a micro ploughing effect. The Fe-rich region became deeper as the particle fragments were embedded. Finally, a lamellar microstructure with a high concentration of Fe was formed by FPP treatment. The effects of micro ploughing during the FPP process on the lamellar modified microstructure formation were clarified. One effect was an enhancement of metal transfer from particles to substrate because virgin metallic surface was exposed; and the other was the mechanical mixing of transferred elements into the substrate.