Chemical formation,characterization and properties of polycarbazole

Polycarbazole (PCz) was synthesized by chemical polymerization of carbazole in acetonitrile medium using ammonium persulfate as oxidant. The selection of solvent, concentration of the monomer, composition of the solvent, polymerization time, temperature, and pH were optimized to obtain better quality and yield of the polycarbazole. The synthesized polycarbazole was characterized by various techniques such as UV–Visible, FTIR, ¹H‐NMR, ¹³C‐NMR, COSY, NOESY, and XRD spectroscopy. The solubility of the polycarbazole was tested in various solvents. The thermodynamic stability of the polycarbazole was examined by DSC and TGA‐DTA analysis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

HRDSS-WMSN: A Multi-objective Function for Optimal Routing Protocol in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks using Hybrid Red Deer Salp Swarm algorithm

Wireless Personal Communications - In general, WMSN follows many-to-one technique to transmit the data and to sense the information. There occurs a rapid increase in congestion or network traffic...     

An image contrast enhancement algorithm for grayscale images using particle swarm optimization

This paper addresses a contrast enhancement technique that combines classical contrast enhancement with an evolutionary approach. The central goal of this work is to increase the information content and enhance the details of an image using an adaptive gamma correction technique aided by particle swarm optimization. Gamma correction is a well established technique that preserves the mean brightness of an image that produces natural looking images by the choice of an optimal gamma value. Here, Swarm intelligence based particle swarm optimization is employed to estimate an optimal gamma value. In the proposed method, the edge and information content (entropy) are the parameters used to formulate the fitness function. The proposed method is compared with state-of-the-art of techniques in terms of Weighted Average Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (WPSNR), Contrast, Homogeneity, Contrast Noise Ratio (CNR), and Measure of Enhancement (EME). Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed particle swarm optimization based contrast enhancement method improves the overall image contrast and enriches the information present in the image. In comparison to other contrast enhancement techniques, the proposed method brings out the hidden details of an image and is more suitable for applications in satellite imaging and night vision.     

Optimal fusion aided face recognition from visible and thermal face images

Multimedia Tools and Applications - This paper proposes a novel Eigen face recognition that is aided by fusion of visible and thermal face images to improve the face recognition accuracy. We adopt...     

An optimal weighted averaging fusion strategy for remotely sensed images

Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing - Image fusion plays a vital role in providing better visualization of remotely sensed image data. Most earth observation satellites have sensors that...     

Swarm intelligent based contrast enhancement algorithm with improved visual perception for color images

Multimedia Tools and Applications - In this paper, we propose an optimized contrast enhancement algorithm for color images that improves visual perception of information. As color plays an...     

Chemical synthesis,characterization, and properties of conducting copolymers of imidazole and pyridine

A series of conducting copolymers were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of imidazole (Imi) and pyridine (Py) in acetonitrile medium at ambient temperature. The yield, solubility, and conductivity of the copolymers were measured by changing the Imi/Py molar ratio from 0/100 to 100/0. The as‐prepared Imi/Py conducting copolymers were characterized by UV‐Visible, FTIR, ¹H‐NMR, DSC, TGA, and XRD. The results suggest that the resulting copolymers were more easily soluble in most of the organic solvents than in polyimidazole. The polymer obtained is a real copolymer containing imidazole and pyridine units, but the Imi content calculated on the basis of the proton NMR spectra is lower than feed Imi content. The thermostability of the Imi/Py copolymer increases with increasing Imi unit content. The copolymers show comparatively higher conductivity and higher thermal stability than the homopolymer polypyridine and are lower than those of polyimidazole. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

An optimal weighted averaging fusion strategy for thermal and visible images using dual tree discrete wavelet transform and self tunning particle swarm optimization

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Image fusion plays a vital role in providing better visualization of image data. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm that optimally combines information...     

Chemical synthesis,characterization, and properties of conducting copolymers of imidazole and carbazole

Conducting copolymers of imidazole and carbazole were chemically synthesized in various molar ratios of the imidazole and carbazole by chemical oxidative polymerization in acetonitrile medium using ammonium persulphate as oxidant. The selection and composition of solvent, concentration of the monomer, polymerization time, and temperature were optimized to obtain better quality and yield of the copolymers. The synthesized conducting copolymers were characterized by various techniques such as UV–visible, Fourier transform infrared, ¹H‐NMR, and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy. The solubility of the copolymers was tested in various solvents. Their conductivity was tested at various temperatures. The thermodynamic stability of the copolymers was examined by differential scanning colorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis. The copolymers show comparatively higher conductivity, better solubility, and higher thermal stability than the homopolymer poly(carbazole) and lower than that of poly(imidazole). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011