Mercury distribution in a polluted marine area, ratio of total mercury, methyl mercury and selenium in sediments, mussels and fish

Total mercury, methyl mercury and selenium concentrations were determined in sediments and organisms from the Kaštela bay in the Central Adriatic, polluted with inorganic mercury by a chlor-alkali plant. Sediments and mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) contained high total mercury concentrations, especially in the vicinity of the source of pollution. The percentage of mercury in the methyl form increased from surface sediments (up to 1.37%) to the edible parts of mussels (0.1–27%, negatively correlated with total mercury concentrations) and to the fish, in which methyl mercury accounted for most of the mercury in the muscle tissue.     

Study on the Implementation of Optical Transparent Transport Networks in the European Environment—Results of the Research Project COST 239

Photonic Network Communications -     

Ferri-liposomes as an MRI-visible drug-delivery system for targeting tumours and their microenvironment

The tumour microenvironment regulates tumour progression and the spread of cancer in the body. Targeting the stromal cells that surround cancer cells could, therefore, improve the effectiveness of existing cancer treatments. Here, we show that magnetic nanoparticle clusters encapsulated inside a liposome can, under the influence of an external magnet, target both the tumour and its microenvironment. We use the outstanding T2 contrast properties (r2=573-1,286 s(-1) mM(-1)) of these ferri-liposomes, which are ～95 nm in diameter, to non-invasively monitor drug delivery in vivo. We also visualize the targeting of the tumour microenvironment by the drug-loaded ferri-liposomes and the uptake of a model probe by cells. Furthermore, we used the ferri-liposomes to deliver a cathepsin protease inhibitor to a mammary tumour and its microenvironment in a mouse, which substantially reduced the size of the tumour compared with systemic delivery of the same drug.     

Pan-European Optical Transport Networks: An Availability-based Comparison

The traffic to be carried by today's European backbone networks increases very rapidly. An important portion of this traffic consists of data traffic (mainly IP-related). In the future data traffic is expected to become the abundantly dominant traffic type, while voice traffic will only account for a very small portion of the total traffic volume. In this paper, some network topologies for such a pan-European fiber-optic backbone network are presented (more details can be found in [1]). These topologies are compared in terms of the efficiency of the network design both from a cost and capacity point of view and in terms of the availability of the connections routed over this network. In order to be able to assess the network topologies under realistic circumstances, the expected traffic demand is forecasted. This enables to make the comparison for the current traffic volume as well as for the traffic patterns of the future. As not all types of (data) traffic require the same degree of survivability and in order to leverage the total capacity cost of the network design, a distinction is made between different recovery options in the optical layer for the different traffic types considered.     

Mercury distribution in a polluted marine area. Concentrations of methyl mercury in sediments and some marine organisms

Methyl mercury concentrations were measured in various parts of Kastela Bay in the Central Adriatic, which is polluted with inorganic mercury. The values obtained, on a wet weight basis, for sediments were from 2 to 20 micrograms methyl mercury kg-1; for the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis from 10 to 110 micrograms kg-1; and for various species of fish from 102 to 1448 micrograms kg-1. The methyl mercury content increases by three orders of magnitude going from sediment to fish. The distribution of methyl mercury in relation to the depth of the sediment and the different organs of the mussel is presented. On the basis of the results obtained, it may be concluded that non-migratory species of fish are more suitable for methyl mercury monitoring in the marine environment than are sediment and mussels.     

PCR confirms multiple Wolbachia strain infection in Australian and international populations of the invasive stored-product psocid Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel

Diagnostic Wolbachia polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were used to investigate whether Liposcelis bostrychophila individuals from Australian populations were infected by Wolbachia. Wolbachia PCR diagnostic primers were used to amplify Wolbachia from single individuals, individuals subjected to multiple displacement amplification (MDA), and from groups of about 50 pooled individuals each representing an Australian or United Kingdom (UK) L. bostrychophila population. Wolbachia PCR diagnostic primers successfully amplified DNA from pooled L. bostrychophila DNA extractions but not from individual L. bostrychophila DNA extractions or from MDA-subjected samples from both the Australian and UK populations. Use of restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques produced cleavage sites in Australian and UK L. bostrychophila populations that were diagnostic of Wolbachia strains A and B. This study provides the first evidence of multiple Wolbachia infection with strains A and B in Australian L. bostrychophila populations.