A resource allocation strategy for distributed MIMO multi-hop communication systems

An extended form of multi-hop communication systems is introduced which allows the application of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) capacity enhancement techniques over spatially separated relaying mobile terminals to drastically increase end-to-end capacity. An explicit resource allocation strategy is deduced in terms of fractional bandwidth and power allocations to each relaying hop over ergodic Rayleigh flat fading channels employing orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (FDMA)-based relaying.     

Information outage probability of distributed STBCs over Nakagami fading channels

Space-time block codes (STBCs) allow utilising the diversity provided by multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) communication channels, thereby decreasing the outage probability for a given communication rate. The contribution of this letter is the derivation of a closed-form expression of the outage probability of distributed STBCs deployed over Nakagami flat fading channels with different channel gains and fading parameters.     

Performance comparison of space-time block coded and cyclic delay diversity MC-CDMA systems

Spatial diversity is a widely applied technique for enhancing wireless system performance since it greatly reduces the detrimental effects of multipath fading. Space-time block codes have been considered the best choice for transmit diversity in narrowband environments, but their use in broadband channels is questionable due to their inability to pick up multipath diversity. However, when used in conjunction with an MC-CDMA system, they achieve not only full spatial but also variable multipath diversity depending on the employed spreading. In comparison, cyclic delay diversity is an attractive approach to achieve spatial and multipath diversity. Its simplicity and conformability with current standards makes it desirable for multicarrier systems. Previous studies suggest that CDD is only advantageous with an outer channel code for OFDM systems. In this article, we compare STBCs and CDD applied to an MC-CDMA system in terms of complexity and performance. It is shown that for an MC-CDMA system, CDD benefits from spreading and channel coding that makes it very competitive with STBCs, particularly since it is applicable to any number of transmit antennas with no loss in rate.     

Quantifying Organization by Means of Entropy

With the aim to reduce disorder and improve efficiency, nodes in an ad hoc network run a self-organization scheme to cooperatively organize the network. Although metrics such as complexity or self-stability are commonly used for evaluation, to the best of our knowledge, none of them quantifies the efficiency to build and maintain an organization (order). We henceforth apply the notion of entropy to ad hoc type wireless networks facilitating a quantification of the internal organizational state generated by different self-organization schemes. Invoking node and link failure probabilities, we expose the dependency of the organizational state on the self-organization protocol of choice.     

Hyperthermostabilization of Bacillus licheniformis{alpha}-amylase and modulation of its stability over a 50{degrees}C temperature range

Bacillus licheniformis     

Experiences with large-scale operational trials of ALTO-enhanced P2P filesharing in an intra-ISP scenario

Application Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) has recently gained attention in the research and standardisation community as a way for a network operator to guide the peer selection process of distributed applications by providing network layer topology information. In particular P2P applications are expected to gain from ALTO, due to the many connections peers form among each other, often without taking network layer topology information into account. In this paper, we present results of an extensive intra-ISP trial with an ALTO-enhanced P2P filesharing software. In summary, our results show that—depending on the concrete setting and on the distribution of upload capacity in the network—ALTO enables an ISP to save operational costs significantly while not degrading application layer performance noticeably. In addition, based on our experience we are able to give advice to operators on how to save costs with ALTO while not sacrificing application layer performance at all.     

Energy dissipation in laser-based free form heading: a numerical approach

Cold forming generally allows the fast generation of parts with very low tolerances. In addition, mechanical properties are improved, if work hardening materials are used. Transferring the cold forming process to micro range leads to a decrease in the maximum achievable upset ratio so that the forming process becomes inefficient. Therefore, a laser-based free form heading process has been developed to generate preforms which can be calibrated in a secondary cold forming step. The achievable upset ratios reach values of several hundreds instead of 2.1 which is common for single step mechanical upsetting. In this article, heat losses arising in the material accumulation process using laser-based free form heading are analyzed and discussed. For this purpose, the process is modeled within the framework of continuum mechanics and simulated by a finite element method. By using a numerical approach, a systematic study on heat losses is performed in order to identify the influence of radiation, heat transfer due to convection and thermal conduction during laser irradiation time. The simulation results, which are validated with experimental data, show that the radiation is the most important mechanism reducing the efficiency of the accumulation process.     

Implementable wireless access for B3G networks. I. MIMO mimo channel measurement, analysis, and modeling [Topics in Radio Communications]

Within Mobile VCE, a team of several leading U.K. universities, in dose association with major manufacturers and international telecom operators from the mobile industry, have been addressing the challenging task of designing transceiver structures for beyond 3G networks. Innovative approaches led to a plethora of cross-layer optimized technologies of low complexity and high robustness, allowing for the much promised multimedia-centric services over future wireless networks. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the research conducted within Mobile VCE's Core Wireless Access Research Programme, a key focus of which has naturally been on MIMO transceivers. The series of articles offers a coherent view of how the work was structured and comprises a compilation of material that has been presented in detail elsewhere (see references within the article). In this article, the first of four, MIMO channel measurements, analysis, and modeling are presented, which were then utilized to develop compact and distributed antenna arrays. Parallel activities led to research into low-complexity MIMO single-user space-time coding techniques, as well as SISO and MIMO multi-user CDMA-based transceivers for B3G systems. As well as feeding into the industry's in-house research program, significant extensions of this work are now in hand, within Mobile VCE's own core activity, aimed at securing major improvements in delivery efficiency in future wireless systems through cross-layer operation     

Implementable wireless access for B3G networks. II. MIMO receiver architectures [Topics in Radio Communications]

This article presents a comprehensive overview of the research conducted within Mobile VCE's Core Wireless Access Research Programme, a key focus of which has naturally been on MIMO transceivers. The article, the second of four, provides a follow on from the first article, which dealt with MIMO channels and comprises a compilation of material that has been presented in detail elsewhere (see references within the article). In Part I MIMO channel measurements, analysis, and modeling were presented, which were then utilized to develop compact and distributed antenna arrays. This article reports parallel activities into low-complexity MIMO single-user space-time coding techniques, as well as SISO and MIMO multi-user CDMA-based transceivers for B3G systems. Also, overall B3G system designs have been suggested for beamformed multilayer CDMA-based networks