Field equations for incompressible non-viscous fluids using artificial intelligence

In this article, we introduce new field equations for incompressible non-viscous fluids, which can be treated similarly to Maxwell’s electromagnetic equations based on artificial intelligence algorithms. Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations are used to arrive at field equations that are solved using convolutional neural networks. Four linear differential equations, which describe the two fields, namely, the dynamic pressure and the vortex fields, are derived, and these can be used in place of Euler’s equation. The only assumption while deriving this equation is that the dynamic pressure and vortex fields obey the superposition principle. The important finding to be noted is that Euler’s fluid equations can be converted into field equations analogous to Maxwell’s electromagnetic equations. We solve the flow problem for laminar flow past a cylinder, sphere, and cone in two dimensions similar to the conduction in a uniform electric field and arrive at closed-form expressions. These closed-form expressions, which are obtained for the potentials of fluid flow, are similar to the streamline potential functions in the case of fluid dynamics.

     

High temperature faraday balance for in situ measurement of magnetization in transition metal oxides

We report the design of a Faraday balance that can be used to measure the magnetization of transition metal oxides at high temperatures and under controlled atmosphere. The instrument is sufficiently sensitive and stable to quantify the magnetic force on diamagnetic and paramagnetic samples at temperatures up to 1000 degrees C and in oxygen partial pressures as low as 100 ppm. We demonstrate the performance of the instrument by presenting preliminary magnetic measurements of lanthanum strontium cobalt oxide (La1-xSr(x)CoO3-delta) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3).     

Quick high-temperature hydrothermal synthesis of mesoporous materials with 3D cubic structure for the adsorption of lysozyme

Three-dimensional cage-like mesoporous FDU-12 materials with large tuneable pore sizes ranging from 9.9 to 15.6 nm were prepared by varying the synthesis temperature from 100 to 200 °C for the aging time of just 2 h using a tri-block copolymer F-127(EO₁₀₆PO₇₀EO₁₀₆) as the surfactant and 1,3,5-trimethyl benzene as the swelling agent in an acidic condition. The mesoporous structure and textural features of FDU-12-HX (where H denotes the hydrothermal method and X denotes the synthesis temperature) samples were elucidated and probed using x-ray diffraction, N₂ adsorption, ²⁹Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It has been demonstrated that the aging time can be significantly reduced from 72 to 2 h without affecting the structural order of the FDU-12 materials with a simple adjustment of the synthesis temperature from 100 to 200 °C. Among the materials prepared, the samples prepared at 200 °C had the highest pore volume and the largest pore diameter. Lysozyme adsorption experiments were conducted over FDU-12 samples prepared at different temperatures in order to understand their biomolecule adsorption capacity, where the FDU-12-HX samples displayed high adsorption performance of 29 μmol g⁻¹ in spite of shortening the actual synthesis time from 72 to 2 h. Further, the influence of surface area, pore volume and pore diameter on the adsorption capacity of FDU-12-HX samples has been investigated and results are discussed in correlation with the textural parameters of the FDU-12-HX and other mesoporous adsorbents including SBA-15, MCM-41, KIT-5, KIT-6 and CMK-3.     

Synthesis,Biochemistry, and Computational Studies of Brominated Thienyl Chalcones: A New Class of Reversible MAO‐B Inhibitors

A series of (2E)‐1‐(5‐bromothiophen‐2‐yl)‐3‐(para‐substituted phenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐ones ( TB1 – TB11 ) was synthesized and tested for inhibitory activity toward human monoamine oxidase (hMAO). All compounds were found to be competitive, selective, and reversible toward hMAO‐B except (2E)‐1‐(5‐bromothiophen‐2‐yl)‐3‐(4‐nitrophenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one ( TB7 ) and (2E)‐1‐(5‐bromothiophen‐2‐yl)‐3‐(4‐chlorophenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one ( TB8 ), which were selective inhibitors of hMAO‐A. The most potent compound, (2E)‐1‐(5‐bromothiophen‐2‐yl)‐3‐[4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl]prop‐2‐en‐1‐one ( TB5 ), showed the best inhibitory activity and higher selectivity toward hMAO‐B, with K_i and SI values of 0.11±0.01 μm and 13.18, respectively. PAMPA assays for all compounds were carried out in order to evaluate the capacity of the compounds to cross the blood–brain barrier. Moreover, the most potent MAO‐B inhibitor, TB5 , was found to be nontoxic at 5 and 25 μm , with 95.75 and 84.59 % viability among cells, respectively. Molecular docking simulations were carried out to understand the crucial interactions responsible for selectivity and potency.     

2 MeV ion irradiation effects on AlGaN/GaN HFET devices

AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field effect transistors (HFETs) were irradiated with 2 MeV protons, carbon, oxygen, iron and krypton ions with fluences ranging from 1 × 10⁹ cm^?2 to 1 × 10¹³ cm^?2. DC, pulsed I–V characteristics, loadpull and S-parameters of the AlGaN HFET devices were measured before and after irradiation. In parallel, a thick GaN reference layer was also irradiated with the same ions and was characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, Hall measurements before and after irradiation. Small changes in the device performance were observed after irradiation with carbon and oxygen at a fluence of 5 × 10¹⁰ cm^?2. Remarkable changes in device characteristics were seen at a fluence of 1 × 10¹² cm^?2 for carbon, oxygen, iron and krypton irradiation. Similarly, remarkable changes were also observed in the GaN layer for irradiations with fluence of 1 × 10¹² cm^?2. The results found on devices and on the GaN layer were compared and correlated.     

An efficient classification approach for detection of Alzheimer’s disease from biomedical imaging modalities

Multimedia Tools and Applications - The complex patterns of the neuroimaging data are analyzed successfully with bio-medical imaging applications. The patients with/without AD can be discriminated...