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K. L. Butcher K. R. Ramasubramanian M. S. Medani 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1972,22(11):1139-1155
The total vapour pressure and the composition of the liquid and vapour phases of the benzene and n-heptane system have been experimentally determined under equilibrium conditions at 110, 125, 140, 155, 170, 185, 200 and 215 °C. The corresponding composition of the vapour phase was also estimated using an expression for the liquid phase activity coefficient as a function of the composition of the liquid phase. Several expressions were compared and it has been found that the three-constant Redlich and Kister equation gave the best fit of the experimental vapour pressure data than the other equations. Comparison between the calculated and measured vapour compositions has shown a discrepancy of ymeas,—ycalc. of the order of 0.02 mol fraction or 10 times the experimental tolerance. Nevertheless, the experimental values were reasonably thermodynamically consistent. The low values of the liquid phase activity coefficients indicated that the behaviour of this particular system was not far from ideality. Also, it was found that the degree of non-ideality decreased with the increase in temperature. The behaviour of the vapour phase was shown also to be nearly ideal. The excess Gibbs free energy of mixing was calculated, and it was found to be non-symmetrical with mole fraction. On increasing the temperature of the system, the liquid composition corresponding to the maximum GE tended to shift to a higher benzene concentration, whilst at a fixed liquid composition, GE initially decreased and then remained stationary or increased again. This was thought to be due to differences in the molar volumes of the two components. 相似文献
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Recently, C.D. Bei and R.M. Gray (1985) used a partial distance search algorithm that reduces the computational complexity of the minimum distortion encoding for vector quantization. The effect of ordering the codevectors on the computational complexity of the algorithm is studied. It is shown that the computational complexity of this algorithm can be reduced further by ordering the codevectors according to the sizes of their corresponding clusters 相似文献
5.
Mica Grujicic J. S. Snipes S. Ramaswami R. Yavari M. K. Ramasubramanian 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2014,23(1):49-64
Over the past several years, considerable research efforts have been made toward investigating polyurea, a segmented thermoplastic elastomer, and particularly its shock-mitigation capacity, i.e., an ability to attenuate and disperse shock-waves. These research efforts have clearly established that the shock-mitigation capacity of polyurea is closely related to its chemistry, processing route, and the resulting microstructure. Polyurea typically possesses a nano-segregated microstructure consisting of (high glass transition temperature, T g) hydrogen-bonded discrete hard domains and a (low T g) contiguous soft matrix. While the effect of polyurea microstructure on its shock-mitigation capacity is well-established, it is not presently clear what microstructure-dependent phenomena and processes control its shock-mitigation capacity. To help identify these phenomena and processes, meso-scale simulations of the formation of nano-segregated microstructure and its interaction with a leading shock-wave and a trailing release-wave is analyzed in the present work. The results obtained revealed that shock-induced hard-domain densification makes an important contribution to the superior shock-mitigation capacity of polyurea, and that the extent of densification is a sensitive function of the polyurea soft-segment molecular weight. In particular, the ability of release-waves to capture and neutralize shock-waves has been found to depend strongly on the extent of shock-induced hard-domain densification and, thus, on the polyurea soft-segment molecular weight. 相似文献
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Traffic grooming in optical networks employing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) has gained prominence due to the prevailing disparity between the user requirement and wavelength capacity. Nodes in an optical network get upgraded to the latest grooming technology slowly with time. Hence, WDM grooming networks are expected to employ heterogeneous grooming architectures. In this paper, we develop an analytical model to evaluate the blocking performance of WDM grooming networks with heterogeneous grooming capabilities. We demonstrate the accuracy of the analytical model by comparing the analytical results with that of the simulation. We observe that analytical models with and without precise knowledge of the grooming architectures predict similar performance. The proposed analytical model can be employed by resource placement algorithms that identify a set of nodes and links that need to be upgraded when the resources are limited. 相似文献
7.
The effect of calcium on the viscosity, firmness, and smoothness, as determined by extent of nodulation, of stirred probiotic yogurt produced by bacterial fermentation was investigated. Standardized milk for yogurt manufacture was prepared, and calcium was added or removed from the system. Calcium was added as Ca2+ in the form of CaCl2 (up to 13.6 mM) or nonionic calcium as Gadocal-K (calcium potassium citrate; up to 49.8 mM). Calcium was removed by chelating with sodium citrate (up to 16 mM) or by cation exchange with Amberlite IR-120 plus (sodium form) resin (up to 10 g/L). Calcium chloride and sodium citrate were added either before or after heat treatment of milk, and nonionic calcium was added before heat treatment. Calcium removal by ion exchange was performed before heat treatment. Neither Ca2+ addition nor removal by chelation with citrate resulted in stirred yogurt with viscosity, firmness, and smoothness superior to those of the control yogurt, whereas addition of 49.8 mM nonionic calcium and removal of calcium (5.6 mM or ∼10% of total calcium) by cation exchange improved the firmness and viscosity without affecting yogurt smoothness. The study identified Gadocal-K as a possible source of calcium fortification of stirred yogurt without loss of texture. 相似文献
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A. Gopalan T. Vasudevan P. Manisankar C. Paruthimalkalaignan A. Ramasubramanian S. S. Hariharan 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1995,56(10):1299-1311
The kinetics of graft copolymerization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) onto polyester (PET) and the simultaneous homopolymerization initiated by the potassium penoxomonosulfate (PMS)–ascorbic acid (H2A) redox system were studied separately. Results on the graft copolymerization was adequately explained by a mechanism which also accounts for the reason for simultaneous homopolymerization. The observed homopolymerization results agreed with the proposal. Kinetic chain-length measurements on the graft copolymer and homopolymerization were used to evaluate the kinetic parameters. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
9.
The unpredictable nature of irregular memory accesses in a mixed memory applications such as deep learning application poses many challenges due to the communication issues. Typically, a multi-GPU node that has a large number of simultaneous memory requests consumes almost 80% of the processing time for memory mapping. This calls for characterization of mixed regular and irregular memory accesses so that memory divergence can be simplified to improve performance. In this paper, using large deviations principle, it is shown that the mixed regular and irregular memory accesses can be viewed as a combination of continuous and discrete functions. This view point is proved to give better performance through characterization of memory divergence in multi-GPU node using the sub-additivity property. Further, a detection test procedure based on quenched large deviations model is proposed which generates threshold values for optimizing the memory mapping in data intensive applications and hence it will improve the performance. 相似文献
10.
Khuller and Schieber (1992) in [1] developed a constructive algorithm to prove that the existence of k-vertex independent trees in a k-vertex connected graph implies the existence of k-edge independent trees in a k-edge connected graph. In this paper, we show a counterexample where their algorithm fails. 相似文献