Webservices zur integration interaktiver elektronischer verhandlungen in elektronische marktplätze

We analyze and develop web services for the integration of spontaneous interactive bilateral multi-attribute electronic negotiations into electronic marketplaces. Conceptual and technical foundations of electronic markets and electronic negotiations, of web services and of RDF are discussed. The overall architectural design of the negotiation application and of the underlying transaction scenario is described. The information flow between the services is explained and their functionalities, as well as the documents exchanged, are developed. Finally, our results and related work are discussed and an outlook is given.     

Correction of background drifts in optical spectra by means of “pseudo principal components”

In this paper, a novel technique for correction of background drifts is reported. The method is based on the use of artificial pseudo principal components (pPC). These pPC are used for modeling the drifts of the background of each measurement spectrum individually. They are handled like the known principal components (PC) that build up the absorption features. Simultaneous evaluation of drifts and absorptions improve the correction ability. This is demonstrated by means of simulated spectra as well as by experimental UV transmissions spectra.     

Mortality of iron miners in Lorraine (France): relations between lung function and respiratory symptoms and subsequent mortality

An increased mortality from lung and stomach cancer was found in previous studies on Lorraine iron miners. A detailed analysis, however, was not possible due to the lack of data for survivors. In this study the cohort included 1178 workers selected at random from all the 5300 working miners aged between 35 and 55 at the start of the follow up period, which ranged from 1975 to 1985. Occupational exposures and tobacco consumption, lung function tests, and respiratory symptoms were assessed for each subject in 1975, 1980, and 1985. This study confirmed the excess of lung cancer (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) = 389, p < 0.001) and of stomach cancer (SMR = 273, p < 0.05). There was no excess of lung cancer in non-smokers and moderate smokers (< 20 pack-years) or the miners who worked only at the surface or underground for less than 20 years. A significant excess (SMR = 349, p < 0.001) was found in moderate smokers when they worked underground for between 20 and 29 years. Heavy smokers (over 30 pack-years) or subjects who worked underground for more than 30 years experienced a high risk: SMR = 478 (p < 0.001) for moderate smokers who worked underground for over 30 years; 588 (p < 0.001) for heavy smokers who worked underground for between 20 and 29 years; and 877 (p < 0.001) for heavy smokers who worked underground for over 30 years. This showed an interaction between smoking and occupational exposure. The excess mortality from lung cancer was because there were some subjects who died young (from 45 years old). Comparison with the results of a previous study showed that additional hazards produced by diesel engines and explosives increased the mortality from lung cancer. The SMR was higher than 400 (p < 0.001) from 45 years old instead of from 56 years. A relation was found between a decrease in vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and of FEV1/VC and mortality from all causes and from lung cancer in heavy smokers or men who had worked underground for more than 20 years. Respiratory symptoms were related to mortality from lung cancer among smokers (moderate and heavy) who worked underground for more than 20 years. It is considered that the risk of lung cancer in the Lorraine iron miners was mainly due to dust, diesel engines, and explosives although the role of low exposure to radon daughters could not be totally excluded.     

中压真空断路器在保障城市电网供电可靠性中的应用

真空断路器技术的发展取决于两个技术的发展:真空灭弧室技术和操动机构技术。单稳态永磁操动机构真空断路器在这两方面研究取得的进步使中压真空断路器实现了小型化、高可靠性、长寿命和完全免维护。它是一种空气绝缘的全封闭型真空断路器,集操动机构和灭弧室于一体。它本身不含有任何有害气体,且尺寸小和免维护,可使空气绝缘的固定柜做到非常紧凑的程度。文章对这项出自前苏联军事试验室的研制成果及其应用作了介绍,并对其应用前景进行了评估。     

Cellular Changes in “Hass” Avocado Mesocarp During Cold‐Pressed Oil Extraction

The aim of this study was to understand factors affecting oil release from “Hass” avocado cells during the cold‐pressed oil extraction process. Early‐season “Hass” avocado fruit and pulp were sampled from a commercial extraction process. Light microscopy and electrical impedance spectroscopy were used to examine avocado flesh structure at defined steps during the extraction process (destoning, grinding, malaxing, and decanting). Most parenchyma cells were ruptured during destoning, grinding, and mixing before malaxing. In contrast, the other oil bearing cells, idioblast cells, appeared to remain unruptured and intact during the extraction process. The greatest reduction in electrical resistance was observed after the destoning step. There were also significant differences between the resistances of flesh after destoning, grinding, and prior to malaxing samples. Malaxing for two hours assisted the process of oil aggregation, which led to a greater oil yield. These findings will help to develop methods to enhance oil extraction from early‐season “Hass” avocado fruit.     

Oxalate materials prepared by evaporation as precursors to superconducting ceramics

Some unexpected chemistry will be discussed which occurs during the production of highT _c superconductors by an oxalate route. Evaporation (rather than filtration) of a 123 YBaCu nitrate solution containing excess oxalic acid was done, in order to make sure that the solid had the same composition as the solution. It was assumed that the removal of water and nitric acid by vacuum would quantitatively yield the salts as oxalates. Surprisingly, the evaporation changed what was initially a homogeneous, but off-composition, material into a rather inhomogeneous material. During the evaporation, the yttrium and barium were apparently redissolved from their initial form as submicrometre particles containing all three metals. They were redeposited as 10–100 m rectangular and octahedral crystals. However, this material yields very good superconductors upon simple grinding and heat treatment as measured by conductivity and a.c. induction.     

Elektronische Unterstützung und Automatisierung von Verhandlungen

We analyze and discuss the state-of-the-art in electronic negotiations. Scientific projects as well as business applications are included into our survey. For our analysis, we use protocol category, degree of automation, number of attributes, number of positions, number of negotiations and mediation type as classification criteria. Projects are categorized and evaluated using these criteria. We find that the focus of application development and the needs of business practice differ. Three major challenges for electronic negotiations theory and practice are identified: degree of automation, application integration and semantic variety.     

Oxidation Protection Coatings for C/SiC based on Yttrium Silicate

The factor which currently precludes the use of carbon fibre reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) in high temperature structural applications such as gas turbine engines is the oxidation of carbon fibres at temperatures greater than 400°C. It is, therefore, necessary to develop coatings capable of protecting C/SiC components from oxidation for extended periods at 1600°C. Conventional coatings consist of multilayers of different materials designed to seal cracks by forming glassy phases on exposure to oxygen. The objective of this work was to develop a coating which was inherently crack resistant and would, therefore, not require expensive sealing layers. Yttrium silicate has been shown to possess the required properties for use in oxidation protection coatings. These requirements can be summarised as being low Young’s modulus, low thermal expansion coefficient, good erosion resistance, and low oxygen permeability. The development of protective coatings based on a SiC bonding layer combined with an outer yttrium silicate erosion resistant layer and oxygen barrier is described. Thermodynamic computer calculations and finite element analysis have been used to design the coating. C/SiC samples have been coated using a combination of chemical vapour deposition and slip casting. The behaviour against oxidation of the coating has been evaluated.