An optical instrumentation using a sensor with a sensordummyagainst noises on sensor and transmission line

This short paper discusses the method of effectively canceling equal status normal mode noise not only on a sensor line but also on a transmission line of an optical instrument using a sensor with a sensordummy resistance     

Fabrication of MOD-derived YBCO films on [001]LaAlO/sub 3/ and their application to /spl lambda//4 CPW SIR BPFs

Chemically derived epitaxial thin films of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// (YBCO) are fabricated on [001]LaAlO/sub 3/ substrates by the metalorganic-deposition (MOD) process, which has advantages of high quality, nonvacuum, low-cost, and large-scale production of high-T/sub c/ superconducting films. The MOD-derived YBCO films have a sharp transition at the critical temperature (90.4 K) and a high-quality film with a surface resistance of 0.13 m/spl Omega/ (30 K, 9.98 GHz) is obtained. As a microwave application, simple and compact bandpass filters (BPFs) using /spl lambda//4 coplanar-waveguide. stepped-impedance resonators are demonstrated on the YBCO films. A two-stage Chebyshev BPF of center frequency of 5.731 GHz, bandwidth of 135 MHz, and insertion loss of 0.29 dB with little input power dependency in a power range less than 10 dBm is realized on the film.     

New application of laser beam to failure analysis of LSI with multi-metal layers

A new technique for failure analysis of LSI with multi metal layers is described. There is a fabrication technique to form a big and optional window on upper layers using Nd-YAG laser without destroying any electrical function, and to approach the failure point through this window. The failure analysis procedure based on logical flow is presented. Fabrication technique is located in part of this procedure which consists of four steps. Two difficult reasons for approaching the failure point without fabrication technique are described. This difficulty results from line composition and line width. The fabrication procedure using Nd-YAG laser is reported. This procedure is to cover the chip surface with photo resist, and form a big and optional size window on upper layer with laser beam, and finally expose the purposed layer. Three failure analysis examples using this technique are introduced: unformed contact falure mode, Si-noduled failure mode, and isolation destroying failure mode.     

Copolymerization of methylmethacrylate on a ball-milled surface of coal at 77 K

The ball-milling of coal with methylmethacrylate monomer was carried out under vacuum at 77 K and at room temperature and in air. The e.s.r. and i.r. spectra of ball-milled material showed that a copolymer of coal and methylmethacrylate was formed on the surfaces of coal created by ball-mining. Oxygen is an inhibitor to this process.     

In-situ monitoring of the stabilization with hydrogen of free radicals thermally induced from coal using high pressure e.s.r., d.t.a. and p.d.a. equipment

High temperature, high pressure e.s.r. measurements of the hydrogenation reaction of Taiheiyo coal in the presence of catalysts were carried out to understand the stabilization of thermally and/or catalytically induced free radicals. A decrease in free radical concentration with increasing temperature was observed for ZnCl₂ and SnCl₂ · 2H₂O catalysts at 10MPa under hydrogen gas. High pressure modified single-cell d.t.a. and p.d.a. equipment augmented the uniquely designed high temperature, high pressure e.s.r. cell. The hydrogenation reaction was monitored under the same experimental conditions as for e.s.r. From the results of the combination of high temperature, high pressure e.s.r. with high pressure d.t.a. and p.d.a., it was established that H₂ molecules can react efficiently with free radicals from coal molecules created by the presence of ZnCl₂ and SnCl₂ · 2H₂O catalysts.     

Relationships between hydrogen donor abilities and chemical structure of aromatic compounds in terms of coal liquefaction

To obtain fundamental information about hydrogen transfer, the relationships between hydrogen donor ability and chemical structure of model compounds representing donor solvents is studied using gas chromatography,¹H n.m.r. and computing calculation methods. The order of the model compounds in terms of the ability as donor solvent to release hydrogen is: decalin < tetralin < 1,2-dihydronaphthalene < < 1,4-dihydronaphthalene. This trend closely correlates with the difference in binding energies of the hydroaromatic compounds and their radicals, determined by intermediate neglect of differential overlap (INDO) calculation. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy (e.s.r.) confirms that radical species are created after heat-treatment of the donor compounds. The ability of model compounds representing coal to accept hydrogen is assessed from a comparison of the¹H n.m.r. spectra. It is established that donor and acceptor efficacies are dependent upon chemical structure.     

Interior permanent magnet linear synchronous motor forhigh-performance drives

Permanent magnet linear synchronous motors have been developed for factory automation, transportation applications, and so on. In the rotary-type permanent magnet synchronous machines, the wide speed and constant power operation are realized by using the reluctance torque due to the saliency and the flux-weakening control. In this paper, we examine the effect of the interior permanent magnet arrangement for wide speed operation and the end effect in the linear structure     

Delamination growth mechanisms in woven glass fiber reinforced polymer composites under Mode II fatigue loading at cryogenic temperatures

The purpose of this research is to characterize the cryogenic delamination growth behavior in woven glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite laminates subjected to Mode II fatigue loading. Mode II fatigue delamination tests were performed at room temperature, liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) and liquid helium temperature (4 K) using the four-point bend end-notched flexure (4ENF) test method, and the delamination growth rate data for the woven GFRP laminates were obtained. The energy release rate range was determined by the finite element method. Microscopic examinations of the specimen sections and fracture surfaces were also carried out. The present results are discussed to obtain an understanding of the fatigue delamination growth mechanisms in the woven GFRP laminates under Mode II loading at cryogenic temperatures.