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1.
Mechanisms of orientational and photoelastic birefringence generation of methacrylates for the design of zero–zero‐birefringence polymers 下载免费PDF全文
Houran Shafiee Shotaro Beppu Shuhei Iwasaki Akihiro Tagaya Yasuhiro Koike 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2015,55(6):1330-1338
The intrinsic birefringence Δn0 and photoelastic coefficient C of poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(2,2,2‐trifluroethyl methacrylate), poly(phenyl methacrylate), and poly(2,2,3,3,3‐pentafluorophenyl methacrylate) were determined. We categorized these methacrylate polymers into four birefringence‐types, even though their molecular structures differed only by the substituents on the side chains. Based on the results of Δn0 and C, novel polymers that exhibit neither orientational nor photoelastic birefringence, i.e., zero–zero‐birefringence polymers, were designed and synthesized by quaternary copolymerization system. Furthermore, we confirmed that the mechanisms of orientational birefringence and photoelastic birefringence generation were different in these methacrylate polymers. The conformation of the repeat unit of the polymers was nearly constant during the generation of orientational birefringence. In contrast, the conformation of the repeat unit of the polymers changed during the generation of photoelastic birefringence in the glassy state. These findings demonstrated the reasonability of evaluating orientational and photoelastic birefringence separately, as well as the adequacy of the classification of polymers into four birefringence‐types. Given these results and the fact that zero–zero‐birefringence polymers could be prepared successfully by four‐birefringence type monomers, we demonstrated the reasonability of the method for designing the zero–zero‐birefringence polymers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:1330–1338, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
2.
Ko-ichiro Miyamoto Torsten Wagner Shuhei MimuraShin’ichiro Kanoh Tatsuo Yoshinobu Michael J. Schöning 《Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical》2011,154(2):119-123
The constant-phase-mode operation of the light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is proposed and demonstrated. In this new operation mode, the temporal change and the spatial distribution of the analyte concentration are recorded in the form of the bias voltage applied to the LAPS sensor plate, which is servo-controlled to maintain the phase of the photocurrent at a constant value with respect to the light modulation. The constant-phase-mode LAPS is advantageous for its wider measurement range and reduction of artifacts. 相似文献
3.
Ryo Tsujimoto Genki Terauchi Hisao Sasaki Shingo X. Sakamoto Shuhei Sawayama Shuji Sasa 《International journal of remote sensing》2016,37(24):5843-5863
Damage to seagrass and seaweed beds caused by the huge tsunami of the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011 was investigated in Matsushima Bay, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, by comparing satellite images taken before the tsunami in November 2009 and after the tsunami in May 2011. The results showed that the tsunami destroyed 220 ha of seagrass and seaweed beds, from 320 ha in 2009 to 100 ha just after the tsunami. Zostera marina beds on the sandy and muddy bottom were rather severely damaged compared with brown seaweed beds of Sargassum horneri on the rocky substrate. Substrates of the beds and directions of the tsunami seem to be responsible for the magnitude of the damage to the beds. Maps of the spatial distributions of the beds before and after the tsunami can provide information for the restoration of seagrass and seaweed beds as natural infrastructures of coastal fisheries resources. 相似文献
4.
Reiji Hattori Shuhei Yamada Yoshitomo Masuda Norio Nihei 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2004,12(1):75-80
Abstract— We have developed new powder materials that exhibit liquid behavior, which can lead to the realization of novel bistable and reflective displays having paper‐white appearance, high contrast, and quick response. Two types of display were demonstrated, one had 160 × 160 array of pixels and the other had 320 × 320 in a 3.1‐in.‐diagonal viewable image size corresponding to 66 and 132 dpi, respectively. These displays were driven by passive‐matrix addressing. The displays showed a reflectivity of more than 41%, a contrast more than 1:10, and a pixel response time of less than 0.2 msec. The seven‐segment display for use in clocks was also demonstrated. 相似文献
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Soichi Hirota Shuhei Inoue Takahito Inoue Yoshifumi Kawai Yasutaka Wada Takashi Noguchi Yukihiko Matsumura 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2016,33(4):1261-1266
Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) has attracted attention as a technology for utilizing wet biomass. We used a fluidized bed of alumina particles to prevent blockage of a SCWG reactor. A glucose solution was heated in the reactor with and without fluidized alumina particles. In the absence of alumina particles, char particles formed homogeneously in the reactor, but the use of a fluidized bed resulted in accumulation of char particles at the reactor’s exit rather than inside the reactor. Therefore, the fluidized bed was effective at preventing blockage of the reactor. However, the alumina particles did not remove deposits from the reactor’s walls. Instead, the fluidized bed caused larger char particles to form, preventing their adhesion to the reactor’s wall. 相似文献
7.
Until recently, SF6 gas has widely been used as the best insulating medium in substation equipment. However, SF6 gas was specified to be a greenhouse gas at COP3 in 1997 because of its high global warming potential (GWP), and alternative insulation gases to SF6 have been sought for a long time. Alternatives using the natural gases are considered to be suitable, but none of them show better properties for insulation as well as good environmental compatibility. Therefore, it is necessary to rationalize the equipment insulation level and reduce the test voltage of electric power apparatus to as low a level as possible. The actual lightning surge waveform (so‐called nonstandard lightning impulse waveform) occurring in the actual field is different from the standard lightning impulse waveform (1.2/50 μs). There are many cases in which the actual lightning surge waveform has a steep rise and large decay of overvoltage, and the insulation requirements are not as severe as those for the standard lightning impulse waveform. In this paper, we focused our research on N2 gas as an SF6 substitute and investigated the insulation characteristics of N2 gas for a single‐frequency oscillatory waveform with various frequencies from 2.7 to 20.0 MHz and damping ratios. Based on the experimental results, it might be possible to reduce the test voltage of N2 gas insulation by evaluating the crest value of the actual lightning surge waveform that has been converted into an equivalent standard lightning impulse waveform. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(2): 10–20, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20754 相似文献
8.
The effect of oxygen potential on the sintering behavior of MgO-based heterogeneous fuels containing (Pu, Am)O2−x was experimentally investigated. Sintering tests in various atmospheres, i.e. air, moisturized 4%H2-Ar, and 4%H2-Ar atmosphere, were carried out. The sintering behavior was found to be significantly affected by the oxygen potential in the sintering atmosphere. The sintered density decreased with decreasing oxygen potential. The (Pu, Am)O2−x phase sintered in a reductive atmosphere had hypostoichiometry. The aggregates of the (Pu, Am)O2−x phase sintered in the reductive atmosphere grew, in comparison with those in the oxidizing one. The sintering mechanism was discussed in terms of the difference in sintering behavior of (Pu, Am)O2−x and MgO. 相似文献
9.
10.
This article demonstrates the self-replication and self-organization phenomena based on a reaction–diffusion mechanism by
computer simulation. The simulation model consists of a one-dimensional cell array. Each cell contains two kinds of chemical
substances, activator u and inhibitor v, that can generate a reaction–diffusion wave, which is a spatial concentration pattern. The cells are supposed to be divided
or deleted depending on the concentrations of chemical substances. We tried several kinds of diffusion coefficient in the
model, and in some simulations, a self-replication process and a generating cell array with a metabolic process were observed.
By applying the division rule and the apoptosis rule, cell arrays duplicate in two oscillating states, i.e., self-replication
processes were observed. By applying a division rule and an annihilation rule, a cell array that has a stable length is generated
by changing the cell components, i.e., generating a cell array by a metabolic process was observed. Surprisingly, these two
phenomena are realized independently of the initial number of cells.
This work was presented in part at the 11th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January
23–25, 2006 相似文献