MC12——和兰博基尼赛跑的贵族战机

在世界顶级跑车中你很难忽略掉这么一个名字，玛萨拉蒂。玛莎拉蒂汽车公司是专门生产运动车的公司，在欧洲具有很高的知名度。     

Effect of Reaction Conditions on Hydrolysis of Chitin by Serratia marcescens QMB 1466 chitinase

The hydrolysis of chitin by Serratia marcescens chitinase was studied as part of ar overall project to develop a chitin waste treatment bioconversion scheme. Hydrolyses were conducted with automatic pH control in stirred flasks. Parameters varied were temperature, enzyme activity, and chitin particle size and concentration. A temperature of 30°C is suitable. Hydrolysis increases with increasing enzyme activity and chitin slurry concentration, and with decreasing particle size.     

An all-optical implementation of a 3-D crossover switching network

One of the more promising interconnection schemes proposed for use in photonic switching networks is the crossover interconnection network; however, reported implementations of the crossover have been limited in size and complexity. A large-scale cascadable implementation of the optical crossover network that capitalizes on planar symmetric self electrooptic effect device (S-SEED) arrays is discussed. A fully functional experimental prototype with 32 inputs and 32 outputs that was operated at a maximum rate of 55.7 kb/s is also discussed. It is also shown that S-SEED arrays can be operated as simple two-input two-output nodes (called 2-modules) within a controllable network     

Postnatal decline of maternally acquired antibodies in the rat

The decline (half-life) of maternally acquired antibodies of two different specificities (diphtheria and tetanus) was studied in rats. Essentially similar half-lives for antibody of each specificity were found in young rats from the same litter. In contrast, half-lives varied from 2 to 10 days in individuals of different litters. Significant differences in half-lives were demonstrated in young rats possessing markedly different initial titres of antibodies of the two specificities. It was established that there was a relationship between the half-life and the initial titre of antibody of each specificity which could be described by a rectangular hyperbola. These findings are in close aggreement with previous studies in human infants.     

Advances in the Chemical Ecology of the Spotted Wing Drosophila (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Drosophila suzukii</Emphasis>) and its Applications

Significant progress has been made in understanding the cues involved in the host and mate seeking behaviors of spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura). This insect pest has been discovered in many fruit growing regions around the world since 2008. Unlike closely related Drosophila species, D. suzukii attacks fresh fruit and has become a severe pest of soft fruits including strawberry, cherry, blackberry, blueberry, raspberry, and may pose a threat to grapes. Prior to 2008, little was known about the courtship and host-seeking behaviors or chemical ecology of this pest. Since then, researchers have gained a better understanding of D. suzukii attraction to specific odors from fermentation, yeast, fruit, and leaf sources, and the visual cues that elicit long-range attraction. Several compounds have also been identified that elicit aversive behaviors in adult D. suzukii flies. Progress has been made in identifying the constituent compounds from these odor sources that elicit D. suzukii antennal responses in electrophysiological assays. Commercial lures based on food volatiles have been developed to attract D. suzukii using these components and efforts have been made to improve trap designs for monitoring this pest under field conditions. However, current food-based lures and trap technologies are not expected to be specific to D. suzukii and thus capture large numbers of non-target drosophilids. Attractive and aversive compounds are being evaluated for monitoring, mass trapping, and for the development of attract-and-kill and push-pull techniques to manage D. suzukii populations. This review outlines presently available research on the chemical ecology of D. suzukii and discusses areas for future research.     

平滑演进到DOCSIS 3.1—— 运营的考量

本文首先回顾了DOCSIS 3.1规范中的若干独特要求,随后讨论了多种向DOCSIS 3.1演进的路径,以帮助运营商的网络能够适应新标准且最大限度地减少业务中断.还介绍了向DOCSIS 3.1迁移的一些技巧,包括网络容量受限的应对措施、新设备的采购策略、超级用户与普通用户的区别对待、DOCSIS 3.1迁移与视频业务IP转化的同步执行、网络带宽的平滑升级等内容.     

Water‐use efficiency in grapevine cultivars grown under controlled conditions: effects of water stress at the leaf and whole‐plant level

Background and Aims: Improving water‐use efficiency (WUE) is desirable for future grapevine growth and grape production, especially in Mediterranean areas where water is predicted to be limiting. Understanding the genetic variability in WUE is important to identify the most appropriate cultivars to be used in semi‐arid areas. Most previous studies have focused at leaf‐level WUE, while information on whole‐plant level is scarce. This study explored the genetic variability of grapevine in whole‐plant WUE (WUE_WP) to determine whether several leaf WUE (WUE_l) indicators are suitable as proxies of WUE_WP. Methods and Results: Three similar experiments were performed to compare WUE in up to eight different grapevine cultivars under irrigation and water‐stress treatments. Although WUE_l and WUE_WP varied with cultivar and treatment, WUE_l was not a reliable parameter to predict WUE_WP. Conclusions: Large variability in WUE_WP between grapevine cultivars was observed, although this variability was not described by leaf‐level indicators of WUE. Significance of the Study: This study showed that the large variability existing for WUE_WP in different cultivars offers an potential method for selecting the more suitable cultivars to grow in water‐scarce viticulture areas, although WUE_l is not reliable for estimating WUE_WP.     

SODIUM LACTATE EFFECTS ON THE STABILITY OF FRESH AND CURED PORK LONGISSIMUS

Boneless pork loins sliced into 1.9 cm fresh chops were dipped to retain 0, 1.5 or 3% sodium lactate (SL) and packaged in polyvinylchloride (PVC) or vacuum-packaged (VP), Color of fresh chops was monitored visually and objectively. Boneless pork loins were cured by injection with 0, 1.5 or 3% SL, or were dipped after slicing to retain 0, 1.5 or 3% SL. Cure for the dipped loins contained no SL. Color and aerobic plate count (APC) of vacuum-packaged chops were evaluated over 70 days of retail storage (4C). Visual color was darker (P < 0.05) and L* values were lower (P < 0.05) for 3% SL-dipped fresh chops. Fresh chops containing 1.5 and 3% SL had higher a* values than controls. Surface discoloration of 3% SL fresh chops was lower (P < 0.05) than control chops. Cured injected chops (3% SL) had lower (P < 0.05) L* values than dipped chops or injected controls. L*, a* and b* values of cured dipped chops (3% SL) were not different (P > 0.05) from controls. No consistent trends were found in APC of cured chops. Injection of SL prior to cooking darkened the color of cured pork loin chops.