A Novel Self-Organizing Approach to Automatic Traffic Light Management System for Road Traffic Network

Wireless Personal Communications - Traffic network is basically a “network of networks” consisting of mainly two types of networks: road network and a travel network. Due to drastic...     

Performance Analysis of Ferroelectric GAA MOSFET with Metal Grain Work Function Variability

Silicon - This work represents a unique GAA MOSFET with metal work-function variations (WFVs) and ferroelectric material as dielectric. A random distribution of metal grain (TiN) with grain size...     

Investigation on DC/RF Performance of LG = 19 nm Heterogeneous Integrated Ga0.15In0.85As/InAs/Ga0.15In0.85As Composite Channel InP HEMT on Silicon Substrate for Future Beyond 5G and Quantum Computing Applications

Silicon - The RF/DC performances of LG = 19 nm heterogeneous integrated Ga0.15In0.85As/InAs/Ga0.15In0.85As composite channel based InP HEMT (high electron mobility transistor)...     

Kinetic Control of Long-Range Cationic Ordering in the Synthesis of Layered Ni-Rich Oxides

Deciphering the sophisticated interplay between thermodynamics and kinetics of high-temperature lithiation reaction is fundamentally significant for designing and preparing cathode materials. Here, the formation pathway of Ni-rich layered ordered LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂ (O-LNCM622O) is carefully characterized using in situ synchrotron radiation diffraction. A fast nonequilibrium phase transition from the reactants to a metastable disordered Li_1−x(Ni_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2)_1+xO₂ (D-LNCM622O, 0 < x < 0.95) takes place while lithium/oxygen is incorporated during heating before the generation of the equilibrium phase (O-LNCM622O). The time evolution of the lattice parameters for layered nonstoichiometric D-LNCM622O is well-fitted to a model of first-order disorder-to-order transition. The long-range cation disordering parameter, Li/TM (TM = Ni, Co, Mn) ion exchange, decreases exponentially and finally reaches a steady-state as a function of heating time at selected temperatures. The dominant kinetic pathways revealed here will be instrumental in achieving high-performance cathode materials. Importantly, the O-LNCM622O tends to form the D-LNCM622O with Li/O loss above 850 °C. In situ XRD results exhibit that the long-range cationic (dis)ordering in the Ni-rich cathodes could affect the structural evolution during cycling and thus their electrochemical properties. These insights may open a new avenue for the kinetic control of the synthesis of advanced electrode materials.     

Extrusion of rate-sensitive materials using a viscoplastic constitutive equation and the finite element method

The flow of a rate sensitive material in a forming process in general and an extrusion process in particular has been analysed by using a constitutive equation in the form where such a material is treated as a viscous, non-Newtonian incompressible fluid flow. The discretized form of the flow equation is obtained using the principle of virtual work and the finite element technique. Velocities and pressures are used as primary variables in the formulation.The method which is presently applied to the axisymmetric steady state extrusion of rate sensitive materials can readily be extended to unsteady problems. The two rate-sensitive materials choosen are an aluminium having a definite yield stress and a Pb-Sn eutectic alloy having no detectable yield limit. The results of the present analysis are compared with available experimental values or with that obtained by other methods and in general good agreement is found to exist.     

Experimental Investigation and optimization of Process Parameters for Shear Strength of Compound Cast Bimetallic Joints

Joining of A356 alloy and magnesium was carried out by vacuum assisted sand mold compound casting process. Microstructure at the joint interface was studied by using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometer. Characterization indicated that a relatively uniform joint interface was obtained. The joint interface was composed of three distinct layers containing Mg₂Al₃ on aluminum side, Mg₁₇Al₁₂?+?δ eutectic structure on magnesium side and Mg₁₇Al₁₂ as middle layer. As a result of interaction between silicon, present in A356 with magnesium, Mg₂Si compound was formed. Push out test was conducted on electronics universal testing machine to measure the shear strength across the joint interface. The important process parameters (grit size of sand paper, insert temperature, pouring temperature and vacuum pressure) were optimized to maximize the shear strength. Optimization was carried out by using response surface methodology, desirability analysis and genetic algorithm (GA) techniques. It was observed that the shear strength increased by 14.21, 8.60 and 4.80% with genetic algorithm, desirability analysis and regression model respectively. GA reported the optimal value of shear strength.     

Nano-crystalline RuxSn1 − xO2 powder catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction in proton exchange membrane water electrolysers

Nano-crystalline powders of Ru_xSn_1 − xO₂ (1.0 ≥ x ≥ 0.2) were prepared as high performance electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution in polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysers (PEMWE). A modified Adams fusion method was developed to produce these oxides. The Ru_xSn_1 − xO₂ powder catalysts were investigated with XRD, SEM, TEM, CV, and EIS. XRD showed a nano-crystalline rutile structure results over the whole composition range. The particle sizes determined by TEM were between 5 and 20 nm. With an increase in the Sn content in Ru_xSn_1 − xO₂ (x-value was decreased), the catalytic performance increased initially and then decreased dramatically. The catalyst Ru_0.6Sn_0.4O₂ demonstrated the best performance in general, which may be due to its smaller particle size and greater ratio of outer active surface area. Repetitive cyclic voltammograms demonstrated that the Ru_0.6Sn_0.4O₂ catalyst had better stability than pure RuO₂. Both the mass normalized current density and chronocoulometry at 1.4 V indicated that Ru_0.6Sn_0.4O₂ and RuO₂ had better performance at 70 °C than at 25 °C.