Point/Counterpoint

POINT: AOP Will See Widespread Adoption Adrian Colyer, Rob Harrop, Rod Johnson, and Alexandre Vasseur AOP offers both the short--and long-term return on investment needed to ensure its widespread adoption. COUNTERPOINT: AOP Has Yet to Prove Its Value Danio Beuche and Cédric Beust Where is the proof that nonhierarchical modularization into aspects makes systems development cheaper or better?     

Étude Théorique et Expérimentale de la Formation d'une Couche Limite par Convection Libre dans une Eau à Basse Température

A study, both analytical and experimental, has been made on the natural convection induced by an isothermal vertical plate immersed in a large volume of water at a temperature which was close to its freezing point. A particular attention has been paid to the effects resulting from the non-linearity existing between the density of water and its temperature. when the latter was close to 4°C. The plate temperature (T_w) was in the range from 8.0°C to 27.2°C, while the water temperature (T_i) varied between 0°C and 22.2°C. The Prandtl numbers for the flow were in the range from 6.4 to 13.7. An excellent agreement between the theoretical solution and the experimental data has been observed.     

Étude théorique et expérimentale de la formation d'une couche Limite par convection libre dans une eau à basse température

A study, both analytical and experimental, has been made on the natural convection induced by an isothermal vertical plate immersed in a large volume of water at a temperature which was close to its freezing point. A particular attention has been paid to the effects resulting from the non-linearity existing between the density of water and its temperature. when the latter was close to 4°C. The plate temperature (T_w) was in the range from 8.0°C to 27.2°C. while the water temperature (T_i) varied between 0°C and 22.2°C. The Prandtl numbers for the flow were in the range from 6.4 to 13.7. An excellent agreement between the theoretical solution and the experimental data has been observed.     

THE EFFECT OF A MAGNETIC FIELD ON NATURAL CONVECTION IN A SHALLOW CAVITY HEATED FROM BELOW

A numerical study is presented for magnetohydrodynamic free convection of an electrically conducting fluid in a shallow cavity heated from below and cooled from above. The side walls are maintained adiabatic. A uniform magnetic field, inclined with an angle 0 with respect to the horizontal plane, is externally imposed. The investigation covers the range of the Rayleigh number, Ra, from 1.8 × 10₃ to 3 x 10₄the Hartmann number, Ha, from 0 to 35, the Prandtl number, Pr, from 0.005 to 1 and aspect ratio of the cavity, A = 6. The effect of the magnetic field on the flow structure is presented. For supercritical convection it is found that, upon increasing Ha, the number of roll cells in the cavity increases when it is perpendicular to it. The imposition of an inclined magnetic field gives rise to new flow patterns with tilted lateral cell walls. The effect of both strength and orientation of the magnetic field on the overall heat transfer is found to be significant.     

Gynecomastia. Management of diagnosis and therapy. Apropos of 52 cases

MARCKS is a widely expressed protein kinase C substrate that is essential for normal prenatal development of the central nervous system in mice. MARCKS-deficient mice exhibit universal perinatal mortality and numerous developmental abnormalities of the brain and retina. To determine which domains of the protein were important in complementing these neurodevelopmental anomalies, we have interbred MARCKS knockout mice with transgenic mice expressing an epitope-tagged human MARCKS transgene that can completely correct the MARCKS-deficient phenotype. Previous structure-function studies showed that a nonmyristoylatable form of MARCKS could correct all of the neuroanatomical abnormalities, and resulted in approximately 25% viable pups that grew to adulthood and were fertile. The present experiment attempted a similar complementation strategy in which a nonmyristoylatable, "pseudo-phosphorylated" form of the protein was used, which has been shown to be almost completely cytosolic in cell expression studies. Surprisingly, this transgene was able to complement almost all of the cerebral anatomical abnormalities characteristic of the knockout mice. However, these mice also exhibited a universal, novel phenotype: profound retinal ectopia, in which retinal tissue was often found in the vitreous humor as well as extraocularly. Retrospective evaluation of the original MARCKS knockout phenotype revealed that this anomaly was present in about 43% of the knockout mice, and was clearly detectable as early as embryonic day 12.5, before retinal cell differentiation begins. These data suggest that a nonmyristoylatable, pseudo-phosphorylated form of MARCKS can complement most if not all cerebral aspects of the MARCKS-deficient phenotype, but that it appears to worsen a retinal phenotype, perhaps by exerting a dominant-negative effect on a coexpressed MARCKS homologue.     

Central catadioptric image processing with geodesic metric

Because of the distortions produced by the insertion of a mirror, catadioptric images cannot be processed similarly to classical perspective images. Now, although the equivalence between such images and spherical images is well known, the use of spherical harmonic analysis often leads to image processing methods which are more difficult to implement. In this paper, we propose to define catadioptric image processing from the geodesic metric on the unitary sphere. We show that this definition allows to adapt very simply classical image processing methods. We focus more particularly on image gradient estimation, interest point detection, and matching. More generally, the proposed approach extends traditional image processing techniques based on Euclidean metric to central catadioptric images. We show in this paper the efficiency of the approach through different experimental results and quantitative evaluations.     

Graduate Student Literature Review: The effect of housing systems on movement opportunity of dairy cows and the implications on cow health and comfort

Intensification within the dairy industry has led to an increase in use of more restrictive indoor housing systems (most commonly tiestalls and freestalls) and less use of the pasture-based housing systems used in past generations. These indoor housing systems are associated with not only a higher level of restriction to cow movement, but also with a higher prevalence of lameness and cow comfort issues on farm, which negatively affects cow welfare, public perceptions, and producer profitability. In looking for solutions to these issues, several studies have investigated different housing and management options that are less restrictive and increase cow movement opportunity. We hypothesized that movement opportunity, briefly summarized as the level of locomotor activity a cow is able to express in her given environment as well as the ease with which said movement can be expressed, can have a direct, substantial effect on cow comfort as well as cow leg and hoof health. Lying behaviors, which serve as common indicators of cow comfort, are affected not only by the ease of movement that comes with providing more movement opportunity within the lying environment, but also by the aforementioned improvements to leg health. This is particularly true regarding the ability to display different lying postures and to rise and lie down with ease. The complexity of the relationship between the different methods by which movement opportunity can be provided to dairy cows and the corresponding effects on outcome measures related to cow health and comfort is an area of research that warrants exploration. In this literature review, we sought to identify how level of movement opportunity, provided though different housing systems and management practices, affects cow hoof and leg, udder, and reproductive health, as well as the effects that it has on cow lying behaviors that are indicative of comfort.     

Characterization of a neutral atomic hydrogen source developed in the perspective of carbon materials etching study

This paper deals with the characterization of an atomic hydrogen source created in a radio-frequency reactor with a helicon configuration. To achieve this purpose, optical (laser induced fluorescence) and electrical (Langmuir probe) diagnostics are used to monitor the behavior of the species composing the plasma. The influence of pressure, gas composition, and impact of the magnetic fields (in the source and diffusion chambers) are investigated.     

Statistical characterization of acceleration levels of random vibrations during transport

Random vibration tests are an efficient way to simulate the mechanical vibratory effects caused by transportation. The usual method is only concerned with the frequency distribution pattern of the signal using the average power spectral density. This work offers an additional method based on detailed analysis of instantaneous acceleration levels of a real road transport, which enables modelling of the statistical distribution of these levels. Continuous recording of acceleration signal all along the journey permits confirmation that this statistical distribution is not a Gaussian distribution but a modified Gaussian distribution, for which parameters are estimated and discussed. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate the transport severity by working out the appearance probability of acceleration levels greater than a fixed threshold and also the statistical moments, i.e. second order moment which gives the root mean square value together with fourth order moment (kurtosis) which evaluates the difference between the experimental distribution and the Gaussian distribution. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.