无机盐高铁酸钾去除微污染水中苯胺的研究

以苯胺为代表性污染物,借用全自动六联混凝试验搅拌机,实验研究了自制的高铁酸钾对微污染水中难降解有机物的去除功效、影响因素及其去除作用机制。结果表明,高铁酸钾对苯胺具有比较好的去除作用,但受高铁酸钾的投加量、反应时间、体系的pH、苯胺初始浓度等的影响,其最佳反应时间为30 min,pH=9.0~9.5。通过高铁酸钾作用过程中氧化与絮凝作用的定量研究发现,高铁酸钾去除苯胺主要是通过氧化作用实现的。     

环保型生物质酚醛树脂的研究进展(一)

利用可再生、低成本和有效易得的生物质资源制备高性能的新型酚醛树脂(PF),已成为该领域的研究热点之一,并已取得了一定的成效。着重介绍了典型的生物质资源通过提取有效成分(如单宁、植物油、木质素、纤维素以及糖类等),在PF制备和改性中的应用研究成果,旨在为充分利用生物质的可降解性、可再生性以及开发环境友好型PF提供参考依据。     

丁羟推进剂老化化学识别的研究进展

以丁羟推进剂为例,从其氧化剂、黏合剂、化学功能组分等化学组分和碳碳双键、羟基、环氧基、分子质量等结构特征的变化,以及这些变化所产生的脱湿现象、氧化交联反应等为识别判据的几个方面,综述了推进剂老化化学识别的国内外研究进展。指出了开展化学变化及其效应的综合运用、化学组分空间位置变化研究、无损检测新技术应用等3方面进一步研究的问题,并展望其发展前景。     

易降解有机物对难降解有机污染物生物降解的影响

基于生长代谢、共代谢原理及易降解有机物与难降解有机物存在形式与形态的影响而改变其生物可利用性等角度,综述了易降解有机物对难降解污染物生物降解影响的研究进展,并基于微生物生态学及污染物生物可利用性的知识,探讨了有待深入研究的问题.     

硝基苯废水处理的微生物及工艺

从降解硝基苯的微生物和以微生物为核心的硝基苯废水生物处理工艺两个方面,综述了目前硝基苯废水微生物降解研究的进展,并对微生物处理硝基苯废水的发展提出了建议.     

Evaluation of ecological risk and primary empirical research on heavy metals in polluted soil over Xiaoqinling gold mining region,Shaanxi,China

Soil, crop and residents' hair over Xiaoqinling gold mining region, China, which was selected as a case study, were sampled and analyzed for Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, As and Zn concentrations. The concentrations of heavy metals in soil or crop and hair samples were used to assess their potential ecological risks, or to find the responses to these metals as evidences to prove the potential risk was coming down to observed harm, respectively. The results showed that, these metals in soil were ranked by severity of ecological risk as Hg＞Cd＞Pb＞Cu＞Cr＞As＞Zn, based on their single-element indexes. In the view of the potential ecological risk indexes, of all soil samples, about half had significantly high or high potential ecological risk, which covered more than 74% of the studied region. Most of the risks were 97.41% from Hg, Pb and Cd, especially, 84.37% from Hg. Both the single-element and potential ecological risk indexes indicated that, the ecological risk grades had a special spatial characteristic, and increased from northwest to southeast generally. This was agreed with the spatial distribution of the strength in gold mining activities over the studied region. The concentrations of Hg and Pb were higher than their relative backgrounds in the corps, and were even 9.48 and 25.09 times higher than their relative backgrounds in residents' hair, respectively. All these showed that the heavy metals in the soil had a high potential ecological risk, especially, had been affecting these crops' growing and yield, and even the residents' health through food strains. Obviously, these metals' potential ecological harm had been coming down to observed harm to the ecology.     

溶液中表面活性剂临界胶束浓度降低措施的研究进展

表面活性剂增效技术是近期发展起来并被认为是可对污染地下水进行有效修复的技术之一,但为避免引起新的污染,需控制其投放剂量。综述了通过表面活性剂的优化匹配及水化学组分调节等方式降低表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度,进而实现减少表面活性剂投放量的研究进展,指出其存在的问题,展望其发展前景。     

高浓度含氰废水处理研究的新进展

含氰废水的成分复杂、毒性大,对含氰废水尤其对高浓度氰废水处理技术的开发一直为人们所关注。从常规技术处理潜力的挖掘及新技术的研究两方面综述国内外处理含氰废水的进展,并基于含氰废水处理技术的发展趋势,结合环境污染治理的要求,展望了值得进一步研究的方向。     

新型复合无机高分子絮凝剂的制备及其在水处理中的应用

受水处理工程需要的牵引,以聚硅氯化铝、聚硅酸铁及聚硅酸铁铝为代表的三大类新型复合无机高分子絮凝剂的开发研制及应用研究近年来受到格外的关注,取得了不少新成果.综述了该三类絮凝剂制备工艺的改进及在水处理应用的研究进展,讨论了其混凝特性及可能的絮凝作用机理,展望了相应研究与实践的发展趋势,提出了值得继续深入研究的几个问题.     

溶液中表面活性剂临界胶束浓度降低措施的研究进展

表面活性剂增效技术是对非水相液体（NAPL）污染地下水进行有效修复的技术之一。在提高NAPL水溶性的同时,寻找到表面活性剂的适宜投放量、降低其负效应的途径是表面活性剂增效修复技术能否广泛使用的前提。