Prussian Blue electrodeposition within an oriented mesoporous silica film: preliminary observations

Prussian Blue (PB) has been electrochemically grown through thin mesoporous silica films of novel generation, exhibiting regular arrays of hexagonally packed mesopores channels (3 nm in diameter) oriented perpendicular to the underlying electrode surface. Due to confinement effects, special care has to be taken to ensure effective permeability of PB precursors through the hard silica template, which was best achieved by pulsed electrodeposition from a high ionic strength medium (2 M KCl). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy associated to electron microscopy was used to evidence the presence of PB in the vertically-aligned mesopores, which was also assessed by their electrocatalytic behavior towards H₂O₂ reduction.     

The influence of oxygen and sulfur on the intergranular brittleness of iron

The effect of oxygen on the intergranular brittleness of high purity iron has been determined by means of the following two different methods: 1) by normalized impact tests on specimens of different compositions after a standard heat treatment; and 2) by slow tensile tests at low temperatures on specimens of constant composition after different heat treatments. The results, after comparison with previously published studies, show that the effects of sulfur and carbon on the intergranular brittleness of iron are preponderant, while the effect of oxygen, in the conditions of this study, is nil. where C. Pichard was formerly affiliated.     

Theoretical model of the formation of cold-rolling textures: Texture stability criteria and application to cubic metals

From observations made on pole figures typical of body-centred and face-centred cubic metals, and on the basis of calculations correlated with the energetic concept of maximum plastic work principle, three stability criteria are defined which allow the equilibrium positions of a crystal to be determined. A verification of the validity of these three criteria is then carried out by calculating the orientations of the different possible stable textures. Because the results agree well with experiments, they validate the different assumptions retained.     

Temperature effects on ZnO electrodeposition

A thermochemical study of the temperature effects on the Zn-Cl-H₂O system by means of potential-pH, solubility and species repartition diagrams is presented with the view to better understand the effect of temperature on the deposition mechanism and composition of zinc oxide thin films. These calculations have been completed by film preparation at different temperatures between room temperature and 90 °C. Below 34 °C, we observe the absence of continuous film growth and surface passivation. The oxide nucleation and film growth start above 34 °C, whereas the optimum film transparency and crystallinity is obtained from 40 °C. Above, the main effect of the temperature is to raise the film texturation with the c-axis perpendicular to the substrate surface.     

The influence of oxygen and sulfur on the intergranular brittleness of iron

The effect of oxygen on the intergranular brittleness of high purity iron has been determined by means of the following two different methods: 1) by normalized impact tests on specimens of different compositions after a standard heat treatment; and 2) by slow tensile tests at low temperatures on specimens of constant composition after different heat treatments. The results, after comparison with previously published studies, show that the effects of sulfur and carbon on the intergranular brittleness of iron are preponderant, while the effect of oxygen, in the conditions of this study, is nil. Formerly affiliated.     

Role of Ti out-diffusion from a Pt/Ti bi-layer on the crystalline growth of (Ba,Sr)TiO3: A transmission electron microscopy investigation

We investigated the influence of the Ti out-diffusion in Pt/TiO_x/SiO₂/Si substrates (0 ≤ x ≤ 2), having different thicknesses of Pt and TiO_x layers, on the crystalline growth of (Ba,Sr)TiO₃ (BST) deposited by pulsed laser deposition. By means of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, we show that the orientation of BST clearly depends on the presence and quantity of Ti having migrated up to the Pt surface, and on its possible oxidation prior to BST deposition, which was controlled by the atmosphere (vacuum or oxygen) of the pre-heating stage of the BST deposition process. Whereas BST has no preferential orientation if grown on a bare Pt surface, a strong (111) orientation of BST is obtained for a limited diffusion of titanium oxides on the Pt surface just before BST deposition. However, the (111) orientation is lost if this seeding titanium oxide layer on Pt is too thick just before BST deposition. Also, the formation of protrusions was evidenced at the BST/Pt interface and associated with the oxidation of Ti within the Pt layer.     

Scaling potential of pin-type 3-D SBT ferroelectric capacitors integrated in 0.18 μm CMOS technology

In this work, the difficult scaling of FeRAM is circumvented by fabricating 3-dimensional ferroelectric capacitors stacked on W plugs and successfully integrated in 0.18 μm technology using MOCVD SBT. The effective remnant polarization was increased by 70% due to the sidewall contribution. Also, high reliability of 3-D capacitors was assessed. The samples showed no fatigue degradation after 10¹³ ±5 V cycles. From extrapolation of both imprint and retention results, a wide sensing window is kept after 10 years in most severe temperature condition, that is at 150 °C. Critical integration issues are discussed for further scaling in 0.13 μm technology and below.     

Styrene emulsion polymerization in the presence of a maleate-functional surfactant

Dodecylhemiester of maleic anhydride is a very good anionic stabilizer for the emulsion polymerization of styrene. Rather high solid contents may be produced. Up to about 70% of the surfactant can be grafted onto the surface of the particles. Upon floculation with calcium salt, only 3% of the surfactant is left in the washing water. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

1 This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.

J Appl Polym Sci 65: 2289–2296, 1997     

Characterization of the glycolipid associated with Alzheimer paired helical filaments

In the present study, analytical techniques including gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-assisted carbohydrate linkage-analysis, one- and two-dimensional NMR, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-MS) have been used to characterize the structure of the glycolipid associated with the paired helical filaments (PHF) isolated from the neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's diseased brain. The 1H NMR spectrum of acid-hydrolyzed protein-resistant core PHF (prcPHF) displays resonances that can be assigned to fatty acid and glucose. There are no resonances present that would indicate the presence of protein, amino acids, or a sphingosine base. Using two-dimensional homonuclear correlated spectroscopy, homonuclear Hartmann-Hahn, and heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence experiments, resonances in the 1H and 13C NMR spectrum of native PHF were assigned to a nonreducing terminal alpha-1,6-glycosidically linked glucose, an internal alpha-1,6-linked glucose, and an alpha-1,2,6-linked glucose. The narrow line-widths observed for these residues suggest that they arise from glucose residues undergoing rapid segmental motion. The carbohydrate portion of the PHF-associated glycolipid was analyzed using GC/MS linkage analysis and confirmed the presence of terminal and internal alpha-1,6-linked glucose and alpha-1,2,6-linked glucose in a molar ratio of 2:1:1. Three components of the PHF-associated glycolipid fraction having masses 2,416, 2,325, and 2,237 Da were observed using MALDI-MS. The least abundant, heavier mass component (2,416 Da) was best fit to a structure with a tridecamer of glucose having a single esterified C20 fatty acid (Glc13 + C20 or Glc13 + C20:1), whereas the more abundant, lower mass components were best fit to noncovalently associated glycolipid dimers, each with a glucose pentamer or hexamer having two C14, C16, or C18 esterified fatty acids {D[(Glc5 + C18) + (Glc6 + C16)] or D[(Glc5 + C14) + (Glc6 + C14)]}. The ratio of glucose to fatty acid calculated from these best-fit structures of the more abundant mass components (5.5 +/- 1.1:1.0) is in reasonable agreement with the same ratio calculated from peak integrations in the NMR spectra of acid-hydrolyzed prcPHF (6.2 +/- 1.6). Structural similarities between PHF-associated glycolipid and other glycolipid amphiphiles known to form PHF-like filaments indirectly suggest that this unique glycolipid may be an integral component of the PHF suprastructure.