Fractional Order Nonlinear Bone Remodeling Dynamics Using the Supervised Neural Network

This study aims to solve the nonlinear fractional-order mathematical model (FOMM) by using the normal and dysregulated bone remodeling of the myeloma bone disease (MBD). For the more precise performance of the model, fractional-order derivatives have been used to solve the disease model numerically. The FOMM is preliminarily designed to focus on the critical interactions between bone resorption or osteoclasts (OC) and bone formation or osteoblasts (OB). The connections of OC and OB are represented by a nonlinear differential system based on the cellular components, which depict stable fluctuation in the usual bone case and unstable fluctuation through the MBD. Untreated myeloma causes by increasing the OC and reducing the osteoblasts, resulting in net bone waste the tumor growth. The solutions of the FOMM will be provided by using the stochastic framework based on the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation (LVMBP) neural networks (NN), i.e., LVMBPNN. The mathematical performances of three variations of the fractional-order derivative based on the nonlinear disease model using the LVMPNN. The static structural performances are 82% for investigation and 9% for both learning and certification. The performances of the LVMBPNN are authenticated by using the results of the Adams-Bashforth-Moulton mechanism. To accomplish the capability, steadiness, accuracy, and ability of the LVMBPNN, the performances of the error histograms (EHs), mean square error (MSE), recurrence, and state transitions (STs) will be provided.     

Performance of the bearing reinforcement earth wall as a retaining structure in the Mae Moh mine,Thailand

In this research, a Bearing Reinforcement Earth (BRE) wall with a residual clay stone backfill was successfully implemented as an alternative truck ramp support for an on-site crusher plant in the Mae Moh mine, Thailand. The performance of the BRE wall during and after the end of construction as well as during the service state was evaluated in terms of, settlement, bearing stress, lateral movement, lateral earth pressure and tension force in the reinforcements. Bearing reinforcement is a cost-effective inextensible earth reinforcement, which is composed of a longitudinal member and transverse members. The maximum settlement at the end of construction (20 days) was about 5 mm. The installation of the truck ramp (10 days after the end of construction) resulted in an immediate settlement of about 2 mm. The final settlement due to the backfill, truck ramp and truck load after 270 days was found to be uniform due to the contribution of bearing reinforcement and was approximately 25 mm. The bearing stress which was uniformly distributed was found to increase rapidly with construction time, which was in agreement with the relatively uniform settlements. The lateral wall movement at the front and lateral sides at the end of construction was very small with the maximum movement (at the top of the wall) found to be less than 10 mm. As such, the ratio of lateral movement to height (δ/H) was found to be approximately 0.12%, which was lower than the allowable value of 0.4%. With this low δ/H and the insignificant change in the measured settlement and lateral movement during service, the BRE wall was considered to have a very high stability. The coefficients of lateral earth pressure, K and depth relationship were proposed based on the analysis of measured maximum tensile force in the reinforcements. The maximum tension plane of the BRE wall could be represented by the coherent gravity hypothesis. Using the proposed K and maximum tension plane, the internal stability of the BRE wall was furthermore examined. A proposed method of designing the BRE wall with claystone backfill was also proposed.     

Effects of Peeled and Unpeeled Garlic Cloves on the Changes of Drying Rate and Quality

Reducing moisture content as fast as possible, together with minimizing loss of quality, is important to food processing. To reach these objectives, experimental investigations were conducted to examine the effects of both peeled and unpeeled garlic cloves as well as operating parameters such as temperature and superficial velocity on the drying rate and quality of dried product. Peel resistance to moisture diffusion is considerably dominated and yields the longer drying time. Drying at high temperature shows the shrinkage of garlic clove to be lower than that at low temperature, whereas the product color is browner and the sizes of produced pores as revealed by scanning electron microscope are larger. The loss of volatile oil is insignificantly different among low- and high-temperature drying. The peel effect exhibits negative results on the product color, giving lower luminosity than the peeled sample, in particular at low temperature, because of longer drying time.     

Modelling and control of class NSP tensegrity structures

The method of constrained particle dynamics is used to develop a dynamic model of order 12 N for a general class of tensegrity structures consisting of N compression members (i.e. bars) and tensile members (i.e. cables). This model is then used as the basis for the design of a feedback control system which adjusts the lengths of the bars to regulate the shape of the structure with respect to a given equilibrium shape. A detailed design is provided for a 3-bar structure.     

Development of chatter detection in milling processes

The aim of this research is to develop an in-process detection of the chatter for the actual milling processes regardless of any cutting condition within the small data processing time by utilizing the dynamic cutting forces obtained during cutting. The proposed method introduces three parameters, which are calculated and obtained by taking the ratio of the average variances of the dynamic cutting forces of three force components, to identify the chatter. The algorithm was developed and implemented on five-axis computer numerical control machining center to detect the chatter in ball-end milling and end milling processes. The chatter and the nonchatter can be simply detected during the in-process cutting by mapping the obtained values of three parameters in the reference feature spaces regarding the determined threshold values. The experimental results showed that the proposed method can be effectively used to detect the chatter during cutting even though the cutting conditions are changed.     

Effects of Peeled and Unpeeled Garlic Cloves on the Changes of Drying Rate and Quality

Reducing moisture content as fast as possible, together with minimizing loss of quality, is important to food processing. To reach these objectives, experimental investigations were conducted to examine the effects of both peeled and unpeeled garlic cloves as well as operating parameters such as temperature and superficial velocity on the drying rate and quality of dried product. Peel resistance to moisture diffusion is considerably dominated and yields the longer drying time. Drying at high temperature shows the shrinkage of garlic clove to be lower than that at low temperature, whereas the product color is browner and the sizes of produced pores as revealed by scanning electron microscope are larger. The loss of volatile oil is insignificantly different among low- and high-temperature drying. The peel effect exhibits negative results on the product color, giving lower luminosity than the peeled sample, in particular at low temperature, because of longer drying time.