Carbon spheres prepared via solvent-thermal reaction method and their microstructures after high temperature treatment

Carbon spheres with size of 50–300 nm were synthesized via a solvent-thermal reaction with calcium carbide and chloroform as reactants in a sealed autoclave. The morphologies and microstructures of carbon spheres before and after high temperature treatment (HTT) were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy diffraction spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The formation mechanism of carbon spheres was discussed. The results indicate that the carbon spheres convert to hollow polyhedron through HTT. Carbon spheres are composed of entangled and curve graphitic layers with short range order similar to cotton structure, and carbon polyhedron with dimension of 50–250 nm and shell thickness of 15–30 nm. The change of solid spheres to hollow polyhedron with branches gives a new evidence for formation mechanism of hollow carbon spheres.     

CaC2-CCl4体系反应制备纳米碳球及其电化学性能

以碳化钙和四氯化碳为碳源,反应物通过无机化学反应在密封高压釜中制备了纳米碳球.用XBD、SEM、EDS、TEM、HRTEM和BET法对碳球的形貌和结构进行表征,并采用恒流放电法研究其作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能.研究结果表明:合成的纳米碳球具有棉花状结构,直径分布为80～250 nm,其d002为0.336～0.340 nm,属于无定形碳结构,BET比表面积为98 m2/g.纳米碳球作为负极材料首次充放电比容量分别为787 mA·h/g和390 mA·h/g,充放电效率为49.6%;5次循环后放电比容量衰减到239 mA·h/g,但效率均保持在95%以上.     

CaC2-CHCl3体系制备纳米碳球的反应热力学

利用CaC2-CHCl3体系反应合成纳米碳球,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对产物的物相、形貌和显微结构进行分析.对该体系进行吉布斯自由能和反应热效应计算,结合实验结果,研究采用无机化学反应法制备微纳米碳球的中间态成碳机理.结果表明:从理论上证实CaC2-CHCl3体系热解产物可能为石墨、金刚石和C3原...     

粘结剂种类对模压成形制备呋喃树脂类玻璃炭的影响

研究了粘结剂类型对模压成形法制备呋喃树脂基类玻璃炭性能影响.3种粘结剂分别是沥青、酚醛树脂和硼酚醛树脂作为粘结剂,含量均为30%(质量分数).采用DSC/TG研究类玻璃炭的炭化工艺,并用SEM观察其断口形貌,用排水法计算材料的密度,用检流计测定类玻璃炭的电阻率.研究结果表明:粘结剂种类对类玻璃炭的综合性能有较大影响.以酚醛树脂作为粘结剂时类玻璃炭综合性能最好,断口光滑平整,只有极少量直径＜0.2μm的孔洞,无裂纹,其密度为1.47g/cm3,电阻率为224.3μΩ·m.