Reexamining the Vocabulary Spurt.

The authors asked whether there is evidence to support the existence of the vocabulary spurt, an increase in the rate of word learning that is thought to occur during the 2nd year of life. Using longitudinal data from 38 children, they modeled the rate of word learning with two functions, one with an inflection point (logistic), which would indicate a spurt, and one without an inflection point (quadratic). Comparing the fits of these two functions using likelihood ratios, they found that just 5 children had a better logistic fit, which indicated that these children underwent a spurt. The implications for theories of cognitive and language development are considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Text variations at the level of the individual sentence and the comprehension of simple expository paragraphs.

In Exps I, II, V, and VI, 274 4th–6th graders chose titles and wrote summary sentences for simple expository paragraphs. Ss did not utilize the information in topic sentences as effectively as did 116 undergraduates (Exps II and IV), but their performance improved when the topic sentence was highlighted. All Ss were better able to detect sentences that conformed neither to the paragraph's general nor specific topic than sentences conforming only to the general topic. The canonical topic comment form made deviant sentences more difficult to detect, as did the introduction of collocational ties, indicating that text variations at the level of individual sentences affected the evaluation of information that did not conform to the overall paragraph structure. (22 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Disk arrays: high-performance, high-reliability storage subsystems

As the performance of other system components continues to improve rapidly, storage subsystem performance becomes increasingly important. Storage subsystem performance and reliability can be enhanced by logically grouping multiple disk drives into disk arrays. Array data organizations are defined by their data distribution schemes and redundancy mechanisms. The various combinations of these two components make disk arrays suitable for a wide range of environments. Many array implementation decisions also result in trade-offs between performance and reliability. Disk arrays are thus an essential tool for satisfying storage performance and reliability requirements, while proper selection of a data organization can tailor an array to a particular environment     

Object-based storage

Storage technology has enjoyed considerable growth since the first disk drive was introduced nearly 50 years ago, in part facilitated by the slow and steady evolution of storage interfaces (SCSI and ATA/IDE). The stability of these interfaces has allowed continual advances in both storage devices and applications, without frequent changes to the standards. However, the interface ultimately determines the functionality supported by the devices, and current interfaces are holding system designers back. Storage technology has progressed to the point that a change in the device interface is needed. Object-based storage is an emerging standard designed to address this problem. In this article we describe object-based storage, stressing how it improves data sharing, security, and device intelligence. We also discuss some industry applications of object-based storage and academic research using objects as a foundation for building even more intelligent storage systems.     

Innateness, evolution, and genetics of language

Our goal in this article is to review a debate over the evolution of language and to suggest some keys to its resolution. We begin with a review of some of the theoretical and empirical evidence for the innateness of language that has caused renewed interest in the evolution of language. In a second section we review some prominent theories of the evolution of language, focusing on the controversy over whether language could have been adapted for some purpose. We argue that for evolutionary studies of language to advance, theorists must make more persuasive arguments for the purpose of language, and, furthermore, linguists must continue to develop a detailed theory of syntax. Finally, we suggest ways that behavioral and population genetics could help to inform studies of the evolution of language.     

Survivable information storage systems

As society increasingly relies on digitally stored and accessed information, supporting the availability, integrity and confidentiality of this information is crucial. We need systems in which users can securely store critical information, ensuring that it persists, is continuously accessible, cannot be destroyed and is kept confidential. A survivable storage system would provide these guarantees over time and despite malicious compromises of storage node subsets. The PASIS architecture flexibly and efficiently combines proven technologies (decentralized storage system technologies, data redundancy and encoding, and dynamic self-maintenance) for constructing information storage systems whose availability, confidentiality and integrity policies can survive component failures and malicious attacks     

Mochi: Composing Data Services for High-Performance Computing Environments

Technology enhancements and the growing breadth of application workflows running on high-performance computing(HPC)platforms drive the development of new data services that provide high performance on these new platforms,provide capable and productive interfaces and abstractions for a variety of applications,and are readily adapted when new technologies are deployed.The Mochi framework enables composition of specialized distributed data services from a collection of connectable modules and subservices.Rather than forcing all applications to use a one-size-fits-all data staging and I/O software configuration,Mochi allows each application to use a data service specialized to its needs and access patterns.This paper introduces the Mochi framework and methodology.The Mochi core components and microservices are described.Examples of the application of the Mochi methodology to the development of four specialized services are detailed.Finally,a performance evaluation of a Mochi core component,a Mochi microservice,and a composed service providing an object model is performed.The paper concludes by positioning Mochi relative to related work in the HPC space and indicating directions for future work.     

球铁的微束等离子弧精密堆焊

本研究旨在开发一种能获得极薄层的堆焊方法。此法以等离予弧作为热源,在金属表面上涂敷一层WC 粉末,进行熔化堆焊.并借助于电子探针、扫描电镜及常规试验装置对堆焊熔化层的化学成分,金相组织及性能(包括硬度、抗回火性、耐磨性,耐蚀性)进行了测试。结果表明,应用此法球铁堆焊层具有良好的性能。