Storage. effect on selected characteristics and lipids of defatted soy flours

Three defatted soy flours (fully toasted, white and enzyme active) 92 days after production date were stored at 23 C for periods of 0, 60, 120 and 180 days. At each storage period, lipoxygenase activity, thiobarbituric acid number (TBA), Nitrogen Solubility Index (NSI) and total lipid were determined in 5 replications of each flour. The lipid was separated into 3 fractions by silicic acid column chromatography and the fatty acid composition of each fraction was determined by GLC. Lipids in each fraction were identified by TLC procedures. Toasted flour had the greatest amount of total lipid and lowest TBA of the flours and no lipoxy-genase activity. Enzyme active soy flour had the highest NSI and the greatest lipoxygenase activity. During storage, lipoxygenase activity of enzyme active flour and TBA and total lipid of each flour de-creased. Percentages of lipids in fraction I, II or III were different among the soy flours, and the percentages of lipids in fractions I and II changed during storage. In each lipid fraction during storage, linoleic acid decreased in toasted and white flours but remained constant in enzyme active flour. Linoleic acid in any lipid fraction of enzyme active flour was lowest of the soy flours.     

The use of bovine serum protein as an oral support therapy following coronavirus challenge in calves

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of a supplemental bovine serum protein blend fed to calves challenged with virulent coronavirus. Twelve Holstein bull calves (approximately 3 wk of age) were allocated by initial body weight to Control (n = 5) and treated (n = 7) groups. On d 0, all calves were orally challenged with 1 x 10(7) plaque-forming units of virulent coronavirus isolate. Infection was allowed to progress for 24 h before treatment was started. On d 1, treated calves began receiving 160 g of dry bovine serum powder (16 g IgG) mixed into milk replacer powder (67 g) at both an a.m. and p.m. feeding. Control calves received only milk replacer powder (227 g) at both feedings. Response to coronavirus challenge and dietary treatment was monitored prior to a.m. and p.m. feeding by the collection of multiple clinical measures. Fecal consistency was decreased by coronavirus challenge but was not affected by dietary treatment. Mean daily rectal temperature and heart rate were not affected by dietary treatment. Average packed cell volume was higher in treated calves than in control (35.0 and 27.0%). Coronavirus challenge resulted in an immediate increase in respiration rate, decreasing by d 7. Control calves tended to have a greater average respiration rate compared with treated (28.7 vs. 26.8 breaths/min). Treated calves had a higher average feed intake than control (0.57 vs. 0.44 kg/d). These data suggest that bovine-serum supplemented milk replacer may decrease the severity of disease in young calves exposed to coronavirus.     

McMaster-Bauer symposium on consciousness.

The McMaster University Brain and Behaviour Research Programme was initiated in 1977 with the purpose of facilitating inter-departmental and inter-faculty discussion and collaborative research concerning brain-behaviour relationships in a broad perspective. It was supported initially, in part, by the John A. Bauer Memorial Fund, which provided resources for guest lectures. In planning the Bauer lecture for 1983, it seemed that a topic in the area of cognitive neuroscience might be suitable, preferably one of a general nature that would be of interest to several disciplines. Consciousness is surely one of the most perplexing of human issues--the question being how the living material of the human brain results in the subjective awareness humankind experiences. It has been a topic considered for centuries by philosophers and psychologists, psychiatrists and physicists, among others. A recent book written by Julian Jaynes, The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind, embraced many issues from psychology and neurology to archaeology, anthropology, the classics, and religious studies. Jaynes was invited to give the 1983 Bauer lecture. At the same time, Jonathan Miller was invited to discuss some of the anthropological considerations of Jaynes's thesis; Daniel Dennett agreed to present his philosophical views of Jaynes's notion of the nature and origin of consciousness; and George Ojemann discussed the neurological aspects of Jaynes's theory. Included here are Jaynes's original lecture, entitled "Consciousness and the voices of the mind"; an open discussion with questions from the audience; the discussions by Miller, Dennett, and Ojemann; a panel discussion among the four presenters; and finally another open discussion that included questions for all four presenters. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MMPI—2 findings in schizophrenia and depression.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—2 profile differences between patients with a discharge diagnosis of schizophrenia (n?=?42) vs. depression (n?=?42) were investigated. Multivariate analyses of variance indicated significant multivariate effects associated with diagnosis for the basic validity and clinical scales and for the content scales. The depression group obtained significantly higher mean scale scores on Scales 2 (Depression), 4 (Psychopathic Deviate), 7 (Psychasthenia), O (Social Introversion), Anxiety, Depression (DEP), and Social Discomfort. In an attempt to replicate work by Y. S. Ben-Porath, J. N. Butcher, & J. R. Graham (1991), a stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to predict diagnosis, with similar findings obtained. Scale 2 was identified as the 1 significant clinical scale predictor. Two content scales, DEP and Bizarre Mentation, were identified as contributing significantly to prediction beyond Scale 2. When the order of the analysis was reversed, none of the basic clinical and validity scales contributed beyond prediction afforded by the content scales. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of hydrolyzed spray dried red blood cells in milk replacer on calf intake, body weight gain, and efficiency

An alternative protein ingredient based on spray-dried, hydrolyzed red blood cells was evaluated in calf milk replacers. Two experiments were conducted to determine the value of the ingredient on intake, growth, and feed efficiency in dairy calves. In experiment 1, Holstein bull calves (n = 120) were fed calf milk replacer containing 0, 11, 22, or 43% of crude protein as spray dried hydrolyzed red blood cells. Calves were fed 454 g/d of experimental milk replacer reconstituted to 12% dry matter plus a conventional calf starter for 28 d. Body weight gain, intake of milk replacer and calf starter, feed efficiency, fecal scores, and days scouring were unaffected by source of protein. In experiment 2, Holstein calves (n = 69) at the University of Minnesota, Crookston and Waseca were fed milk replacer containing 0, 22, or 43% of crude protein as spray dried hydrolyzed red blood cells. Calves were fed 454 g/d of experimental milk replacer reconstituted to 12% dry matter plus a conventional calf starter containing 0 or 25% alfalfa meal for 35 d. No calves died during the study. Body weight gain, feed efficiency, intake of calf starter and milk replacer, fecal scores, and days scouring were unaffected by increasing hydrolyzed red blood cells in milk replacer. Similar performance of all calves indicated that spray dried hydrolyzed red blood cells can replace up to 43% of crude protein from whey protein concentrate without detrimental effects on animal performance.     

Small-cell carcinoma of the lung presenting with paraneoplastic peripheral nerve microvasculitis and optic neuropathy

The authors report the case of a patient who developed hyperammonemia and coma during therapy with valproic acid for affective disorder. Onset of the coma was gradual and initially interpreted as a therapeutic reduction in the patient's anxiety. In a psychiatric setting, treatment of hyperammonemia may be delayed if a patient's increasing lethargy is interpreted as a therapeutic response. Staff may need to be educated about the potential for hyperammonemia, and patients whose tolerance for valproic acid is unknown may need to be monitored for liver function and blood levels of urea and ammonia.     

The rise and fall of the plantar response in infancy

Herniation of the stomach through the umbilicus is exceedingly rare with only one case reported in the international literature in the past 40 years. One case of a reducible gastric umbilical hernia, not diagnosed by endoscopy, is reported. Diagnosis was made by double-contrast barium examination after 5 years of symptoms and ineffective treatment. Herniation of the stomach is difficult to diagnose by endoscopy and radiological studies can be more sensitive and allow a more specific diagnosis.     

"Consciousness and the voices of the mind": Response to the discussants.

In planning the McMaster University Brain and Behaviour Research Programme's 1983 Bauer lecture, it was deemed that a topic in the area of cognitive neuroscience might be suitable, preferably one of a general nature that would be of interest to several disciplines. Consciousness, one of the most perplexing of human issues, requires that we question how the living material of the human brain results in the subjective awareness humankind experiences. Julian Jaynes was asked to present the lecture, which was entitled "Consciousness and the voices of the mind" (see record 2007-08986-001). In this article, Jaynes responds to comments on his lecture by Daniel Dennett (see record 2007-09336-002), Jonathan Miller (see record 2007-09336-003), and George Ojemann (see record 2007-09336-004). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)