Transport coefficients in a dilute but condensed Bose gas

The kinetic equations for a dilute superfluid developed previously are used to derive the Landau-Khalatnikov two-fluid hydrodynamic equations. Explicit expressions for the associated transport coefficients are given for very low temperatures and for moderately low temperatures.     

Selecting a waste management option using a life-cycle analysis approach

Solid-waste management, and in particular the disposal of used packaging, is currently the subject of much topical debate. This is driven by both consumer and legislative pressures. Consumers see used packaging as a highly visible element of municipal solid waste, complaining of excessive packaging and low levels of recycling. Legislators, perhaps in pandering to the views expressed by consumer bodies, have been active within the CEC and individual Member States by introducing (or proposing) legislation or similar regulatory tools and targets to facilitate a greater diversion of used packaging from disposal by landfill to alternative solid-waste management practices, in particular recycling, which are widely accepted to have a lower impact on the environment. In this paper the relative environmental profiles of pursuing alternative solid-waste management practices to disposal by landfill are explored, focusing not just on solid waste per se but also on associated considerations of energy consumption and emissions, which are invariably overlooked as factors contributing to the environmental impact of solid-waste management practices.     

United Kingdom EM gun programme

The authors review the progress in the RARDE (Royal Armament Research and Development Establishment) electromagnetic gun (REMGUN) program. They cover research on both railgun and LIA (linear induction accelerator) technology, including work on modeling, projectile/barrel interactions armatures, switching, and instrumentation. They also describe the major research facilities. Progress is reported in the identification and development of single-shot switches, integrated switch/barrel concepts, armatures and pulse power supplies as well as the integration of railgun components. LIA research has concentrated on launcher design and projectile/barrel interactions, highlighting the problems of pulse power systems for this form of electromagnetic launcher     

Local Structure of Alkaline-Earth Boroaluminate Crystals and Glasses: II, 11B and 27Al MAS NMR Spectroscopy of Alkaline-Earth Boroaluminate Glasses

¹¹B and ²⁷Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectra of alkaline-earth boroaluminate glasses show that the structure of these glasses are far more complicated than previously thought. The relative concentrations of 3- and 4-coordinated boron vary as found by previous investigators using continuous-wave NMR methods, but the ²⁷Al NMR spectra indicate the presence of Al in 4-, 5-, and 6-fold coordination, in contrast to previous assignments. Analysis of the data based on local charge balance considerations provides a qualitative model that correctly predicts compositional variations of the NMR peak intensities and ²⁷Al chemical shifts for a wide range of boroaluminate glass compositions.     

Synteny mapping of four genes from the short arm of human chromosome 19 to bovine chromosome 7

Four genes on the short arm of human chromosome 19 (HSA 19p) were assigned to bovine chromosome 7 (BTA 7) using a bovine x rodent somatic hybrid cell panel. These four genes were cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), lymphoblastic leukemia derived sequence 1 (LYL1), lysosomal alpha-mannosidase (MANB), and RAS oncogene family member RAB3A. Bovine sequence tagged sites were developed for the four genes and used for screening a bovine x rodent somatic cell panel. All four genes were mapped to bovine synteny group U22 (BTA 7) with a correlation coefficient of 0.901-1.000. This study confirms that the centromeric region of BTA 7 is conserved with HSA 19p.     

Coefficients of dynamic friction and the mechanical melting mechanism for vinylidene chloride copolymers

Previous research and this research indicate that the mechanical melting for poly(vinylidene chloride) copolymers (PVDC) is complex. Mechanical melting is defined as the melting (or devitrification) of a polymer when a significant portion of the thermal energy originates from a mechanical energy dissipative process. PVDC mechanically melted on a moving metal surface at temperatures of the test instrument that were considerably lower than the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) onset melting temperature. PVDC formulated with low levels of high density polyethylene (HDPE), however, melted at metal temperatures near the DSC onset melting temperature. Two different mechanical melting mechanisms are proposed to explan the data, and the frictional data are discussed with respect to solids conveying in a single-screw, plasticating extruder.