Demercaptanization of Light Hydrocarbon Fractions with Strong Aqueous Ammonia without Producing Sulfur Caustic Wastewater

Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering - A technology for the demercaptanization of light hydrocarbon fractions and liquefied petroleum gas with 25% aqueous ammonia is proposed. One...     

The use of Kachkanar raw materials in the smelting of conversion pig iron

The Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Combine has periodically used Kachkanar agglomerate to make conversion pig iron since 1972. Use of this material reached a peak in 1998, when it comprised an average of 27.1% of the charge. In some months, the amount of this material charged into the furnace reached highs of 45.6 and 74.1% on certain furnaces. The coolers on the iron notches of furnaces 4 and 5 burned during that year, the quality of the smelting products and the condition of the ladles rapidly deteriorated, and the smelting rate declined. No Kachkanar agglomerate was used in 2000–2001, but it was again added to the charge in February 2002. The amount used was smaller than previously, averaging 10.7% for the shop as a whole. It was determined that using a charge with 15% Kachkanar agglomerate has both positive and negative consequences. N. N. Gorshkov, A. V. Denisov, and V. Kh. Barinov also participated in this study. __________ Translated from Metallurg, No. 3, pp. 43–45, March, 2006.     

Revamping of the process condensate treatment unit. G-43-107M/1 unit at LiNOS Ltd

Increasing attention at oil refineries is being focused on solving environmental problems caused by stiffening of the requirements for emissions of harmful substances into air and water. Advanced technologies that reduce the effect of industrial enterprises on the environment to the minimum are becoming increasingly in demand. Treatment of process wastewaters to remove hydrogen sulfide and ammonia is one such problem of the modern refinery with cat crackers. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 52–55, May–June, 2006.     

Isolation and characteristics of a protein-polysaccharide complex, secreted by Bifidobacterium adolescentis

Although self-help/mutual-help groups, like Alcoholics Anonymous, are important factors in the recovery of many chemically dependent individuals, the large dropout rates from such groups and the awareness that many who drop out do not return to dependent behavior raises interesting questions about other paths to sustained abstinence and recovery. Current emphasis on treatment outcome studies provides a means for researching factors in both those who recover with and without the assistance of self-help/mutual-help groups. The authors suggest some questions which might be investigated.     

The activity of acid phosphatase and its isoenzymes in patients with food poisonings

Changes in the activity of acid phosphatase (AP) and its isoenzymes (tartrate-insensitive AP and formalin-insensitive AP) were investigated in patients with food poisoning in the course of the disease. The activity of AP and its isoenzymes in the serum started to grow in early convalescence and reached maximum in late convalescence. Total activity of AP in food toxic infections consists primarily of the activity of its platelet fraction. AP activity may serve as an additional criterion to predict vascular platelet involvement of hemostasis.     

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis mucosal T cells are stimulated by intestinal epithelial cells: implications for immunosuppressive therapy

BACKGROUND: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic inflammatory diseases, and their pathogenesis is attributed, in part, to alterations of the mucosal immune system. This study was designed to define the possible contribution of epithelial cells to the activation of lamina propria T lymphocytes (LPTs) in CD and UC. METHODS: LPTs isolated from CD, UC, and control surgical specimens were cocultured with freshly isolated allogeneic or autologous epithelial cells or epithelial cell lines. Resulting T-cell proliferation was evaluated by tritiated thymidine incorporation on day 5. RESULTS: When intestinal epithelial cells were used to stimulate mucosal T-cell proliferation, CD and UC LPTs were less responsive than control LPTs (p < 0.05 and p < 0.03, respectively). This difference between inflamed and control T cells was consistently observed by using a variety of different intestinal epithelial cell types. CONCLUSIONS: CD and UC mucosal T cells are hyporesponsive to activation by intestinal epithelial cells when compared with control LPTs. Elucidating the mechanism underlying the differential activation of CD and UC LPTs may help to better understand the immunopathogenesis of these conditions.     

Catalytic oxidation of sulfide ions over nickel hydroxides

The catalytic sulfide ion oxidation by oxygen to elemental sulfur over β-Ni(OH)₂ and LiNiO₂ has been studied. As a result of experimental investigation performed, a reaction mechanism is suggested which involves heterogeneous and homogeneous processes. Dioxygen activation in the heterogeneous process proceeds via a redox Ni²⁺ ↔ Ni³⁺ transition and participation of OH⁻ groups. The active HO⁻₂ species thus formed carries on the reaction in homogeneous phase. Nickel hydroxides are promising catalysts for practical application.     

Catalytic oxidation of sulphide ions to elementary sulphur in aqueous solutions over transition metal oxides

The catalytic activity of a wide range of transition metal oxides in oxidation of sulphide ions by air in aqueous medium was studied. Some specific features of the reaction mechanism on some of the studied oxides were considered. The transition metal oxides are promising catalysts for practical application. Some of these oxides will allow the preparation of catalysts possessing activity comparable to that of the cobalt phthalocyanine based catalysts, popular in industrial practice.