麦秸强化微生物降解石油烃及场地试验

在油-盐混合污染耕地的耕作层中施加麦秸以强化水浸洗盐和促进微生物对石油烃的降解.通过实验考察了麦秸添加量对降解石油烃所用的阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae)和刺孢小克银汉霉菌(Cunninghamella echinulata)的生长及其对于石油烃降解行为的影响.结果发现,在土壤中添加5%(质量分数)麦秸可使土壤中的细菌和真菌生物量提高至对照样品的25和3倍;19 d时总石油烃降解率从29.2% 提高到48.0%,其中饱和烃、芳烃的降解率分别从31.5%和39.1%提高到55.7%和55.9%.在中原油田污染耕地现场试验结果表明,石油烃降解菌添加25 d后,添加麦秸的修复土壤中的细菌和真菌生物量为对照土壤的158和9倍;45 d后试验地块中的总石油烃质量分数降至0.3%以下,石油烃降解率最高达到75%.上述结果显示出添加麦秸与真菌-细菌协同修复方法相结合在治理油-盐混合污染耕地中具有很好的应用前景.     

麦秸强化石油烃污染耕地水浸洗盐过程及场地试验

针对油田产出水导致的含油盐污染耕地的生物强化修复,提出在土壤耕作层和主体层间填埋麦秸以强化水浸洗盐和抑制毛细返盐.结果表明,土壤中石油烃的浓度高于1.5% (质量分数)时会导致其疏水性增高而使得水浸润困难.添加5% (质量分数) 麦秸可使含油3.3%(质量分数)的盐污染土壤脱盐率从3%提高到25%,并可抑制毛细返盐.在中原油田实施了6 400　m²的现场实验,在耕作层(距地表25　cm)构建麦秸层,采用井水以及雨水进行洗盐,50 d后耕作层土壤电导率达到正常耕地水平的面积比例由17%提高到80%,Na⁺和Cl^-浓度分别从1 642.5 mg·kg^-1和1 301.2 mg·kg^-1下降到499.3 mg·kg^-1和433.8 mg·kg^-1.修复地块的小麦产量达正常耕地的72%,而对比地块仅为12%.说明添加麦秸可强化油盐混合污染耕地的水浸洗盐并抑制“毛细返盐".该方法操作便捷易行,在油盐混合污染耕地修复中具有很好的应用前景.     

Polystyrene microsphere-based lanthanide luminescent chemosensor for detection of organophosphate pesticides

Fluorescent microspheres of polystyrene-based Eu(Ⅲ) complexes were prepared from TentaGel resin,2,6-bisbenzimidazolylpyri-dine and europium nitrate. The microspheres were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, XPS measurements and fluores-cence spectroscopy. Characteristic red emission under irradiation of365nm light from a hand-held UV lamp was observed for the micro-spheres either in a solution or solid-state.Fluorescent quenching was observed when the microspheres were exposed to a trace amount of di-ethyl chlorophosphate (DCP)in the dispersion. The material and property can be potentially used to fabricate chemosensor in the detection of organophosphates.     

重组大肠杆菌分批-补料高密度发酵生产类人胶原蛋白的动力学

The kinetics of batch and fed-batch cultures of recombinant Escherichia coli producing human-like collagen was investigated. In the batch culture, a kinetic model of a simple growth-association system was concluded without consideration of cell endogeneous metabolism. The cell lag time, the maximum specific growth rate and growth rates were set at (0.15, 0.2, 0.25h-1) by the method of pseudo-exponential feeding, and the expressions for the specific rate of substrate consumption, the growth kinetics and the product formation kinetics of each phase spectively. The model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

阴沟肠杆菌分泌生物表面活性剂的合成研究

对阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae)分泌表面活性剂的行为进行了初步研究,结果表明E.cloacae能以葡萄糖等水溶性碳源产生糖脂类生物表面活性剂,以葡萄糖为碳源、氯化铵为氮源时其最佳培养基组成的质量分数分别是3%、0.1%,碳氮比为8.9,初始pH值为7.2。该生物表面活性剂对菲有较强的增溶效果,并可强化高岭土所吸附的菲的脱附,可望促进石油烃污染土壤的生物修复过程。     

基因重组大肠杆菌生产类人胶原蛋白补氮策略优化研究

优化重组大肠杆菌高密度发酵的调控工艺.利用重组大肠杆菌高密度发酵生产类人胶原蛋白,考察了连续流加和分阶段式两种不同补氮策略对细胞生长和类人胶原蛋白产量的影响.不同补氮方式显著影响类人胶原蛋白的产量.分阶段式补氮方式优于连续流加补氮方式,有利于细胞生长和类人胶原蛋白的表达,最终细胞浓度为76.01 g·L-1(DCW),类人胶原蛋白浓度为16.75 g·L-1,蛋白表达量为22.1%.     

Synthesis and fluorescent properties of a novel europium（III） complex with terpyridine-capped poly（ethylene glycol）

Terpyridine-capped poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was synthesized as a novel polymeric ligand and rare earth complex was prepared from Eu(NO3)3 and the telechelic macromolecules. The structure of the complex was characterized by 1H NMR, FT-IR, UV-vis and fluores-cence spectroscopy. Strong fluorescent emission of the complex was observed at 593 and 616 nm upon the excitation of 300 nm. The fluo-rescent emission was quenched upon addition of trace amount of diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP). And the observed Ksv values for DCP were measured to be 0.568×103 and 0.89×103 L/mol for quenching at 593 and 616 nm, which indicated the detection limit for DCP was about 0.014 mmol/L. These results showed that the terpyridine-lanthanide complex could be an effective chemosensor with a potential application in the detection of organophosphates.     

重组大肠杆菌分批-补料高密度发酵生产类人胶原蛋白的动力学

The kinetics of batch and fed-batch cultures of recombinant Escherichia coli producing human-like collagen was investigated. In the batch culture, a kinetic model of a simple growth-association system was concluded without consideration of cell endogeneous metabolism. The cell lag time, the maximum specific growth rate and Yx/s were determined as 1.75h, 0.65h^-1 and 0.51g·g^-1, respectively. In the fed-batch culture, different specific growth rates were set at （0.15, 0.2, 0.25h^-1） by the method of pseudo-exponential feeding, and the expressions for the specific rate of substrate consumption, the growth kinetics and the product formation kinetics of each phase were obtained. The result shows that the concentrations of cell and product can reach 77.5g·L^-1 and 10.2g·L^-1 respectively. The modal predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

重组大肠杆菌高密度发酵生产类人胶原蛋白的过程控制研究

Recombinant E. coli BL 21 was cultivated in high cell density to produce human-like collagen. The effects of the feeding of nitrogen source, controlled by an auto on/off-feeding mode with two different cycles of 0.5min and 4min intervals, oxygen-enrichment methods and inducement strength on the cell yield and human-like collagen production were investigated. The studies showed that nitrogen source feeding in fast cycle could result in higher human-like collagen production than that in slow cycle; and the feedback regulation of glucose, increase of the pressure of fermentation bioreactor, and supply of oxygen-enriched air could all increase cell yield and human-like collagen production. The effects of inducement strength on protein expression were found important. When OD600 reached 90-100, the cultivation temperature was increased to 42℃ to begin induction for 2-3 h, and then shifted to 39℃ for 5-6h induction, the cell density and human-like collagen production could reach 96g·L-1 [DCW (dry cell mass)