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1.
While qualitative studies have identified chlorogenic acids in antioxidant extracts, particularly ethyl acetate‐derived extracts, of Taraxacum officinale, quantitative analysis of these phenolic compounds remains largely unreported for this species. In this study, bioactivity‐guided fractionation of an antioxidant crude ethyl acetate extract (DPPH = 295.481 ± 0.955 mg TE g?1 extract) from T. officinale root resulted in a number of reverse‐phase fractions that demonstrated high antioxidant activity (DPPH = 1058.733–1312.136 mg TE g?1 extract), stronger than that of the synthetic antioxidant Trolox®. UPLC‐MS/MS screening of these fractions for the presence of selected mono‐ and di‐caffeoylquinic acids revealed large quantities of 1,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid present in several fractions (853.052–907.324 μg mg?1), respectively. Due to the antioxidant potency and high levels of 1,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid observed in these fractions, it was concluded that specifically this chlorogenic acid derivative is a major contributor to the antioxidant efficacy of dandelion root.  相似文献   
2.
Light-induced spin-polarized transient EPR spectra are reported for several water-soluble copper porphyrins. The spectra are assigned to the doublet ground state, with emissive spin polarization resulting from photoexcitation and subsequent electronic relaxation. In contrast to other systems for which polarization of a doublet ground state has been observed, the exchange interactions in the copper porphyrins are strong and the geometry is fixed. It is proposed that intersystem crossing from the photoexcited trip-doublet to the trip-quartet state can lead to net polarization of the spin system and that this polarization is maintained during electronic decay, possibly via charge-transfer and exciplex states. The intensity of the observed spin polarization is essentially independent of the molecular orientation in the external field, but is strongly dependent on the nature of the charged peripheral groups. Possible reasons for this behavior are discussed.  相似文献   
3.
Papaya proteinase omega (pp omega) has been purified from dried latex both by immunoaffinity and traditional methods. Kinetic analysis revealed that (1), the pp omega-catalysed hydrolysis of N-benzoyl-L-arginine p-nitroanilide (BApNA) has a lower specificity (kcat/Km) than the same reaction catalysed by papain; (2), the pp omega-catalysed hydrolysis of a tripeptide substrate having phenylalanine at the second position (S2-site) showed a more similar specificity to that catalysed by papain; (3), the significant difference between the two enzymes is that steady state kinetics with both L-BApNA and a tripeptide enables the identification in pp omega of other ionizations affecting binding. The active sites of papain and pp omega can therefore be distinguished by pH-dependence of kcat/Km.  相似文献   
4.
Data squashing was introduced by W. DuMouchel, C. Volinsky, T. Johnson, C. Cortes, and D. Pregibon, in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on KDD (1999). The idea is to scale data sets down to smaller representative samples instead of scaling up algorithms to very large data sets. They report success in learning model coefficients on squashed data. This paper presents a form of data squashing based on empirical likelihood. This method reweights a random sample of data to match certain expected values to the population. The computation required is a relatively easy convex optimization. There is also a theoretical basis to predict when it will and won't produce large gains. In a credit scoring example, empirical likelihood weighting also accelerates the rate at which coefficients are learned. We also investigate the extent to which these benefits translate into improved accuracy, and consider reweighting in conjunction with boosted decision trees.  相似文献   
5.
Traffic accidents are a well-known public health problem worldwide. In Mexico research into risk factors for motor involving vehicles accidents and their consequences has recently been taken into account. The relevant literature does not normally describe the methodological aspects involved in the collection of primary data, since most studies have used secondary data the good quality and validity of which are assumed. The paper presented seeks to discuss and share with researchers in this field, some of the methodological aspects to be considered in the attempt to recreate the scene of the accident and obtain information approximating to reality. The measurements in situ of, such traffic accident variables as injury, use of seat belt, speed and alcohol intake are discussed.  相似文献   
6.
着重介绍Raychem电路保护部的PolySwitch PPTC(聚合物正温度系数)元件在电源管理中提供电流过载和温度过载的保护过程。另外还介绍了电源适配器、CLA(点烟器)、移动电话设备及电池板的保护装置是如何进一步改善实际使用中的总体可靠性的。  相似文献   
7.
Pre-clerking of all patients undergoing elective general surgical operations was introduced at our hospital in an attempt to reduce an unacceptably high operation cancellation rate. A prospective audit has been performed on the effect of this policy on the cancellation rate. Before the introduction of pre-clerking there was a marked seasonal variation in the number of patients who failed to attend for surgery, which could be explained by absence on holiday. This seasonal variation disappeared after the start of pre-clerking clinics, but there has been no reduction in the number of cancellations for medical reasons.  相似文献   
8.
Palm wine and pasteurised palm sap volatiles were collected, concentrated on a Tenax GC and analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Eighty-two components were identified: 47 esters, 9 alcohols, 5 acids, 6 carbonyls, 2 acetals, 4 terpenes and 9 hydrocarbons. These had all been found previously in conventional wines. Odour evaluation of the separated palm wine components as they eluted suggested that no one compound is responsible for the characteristic palm wine odour. The acetates of higher alcohols and the ethyl esters of straight-chain aliphatic C6-C10 acids seemed to be important and may play a big role in imparting the fruity nuances of characteristic palm wine odour. Their association with alcohols seemed also to be necessary for the expression of typical palm wine odour. The qualitative difference between palm sap aroma and palm wine aroma appeared to be due mainly to the presence of these esters and alcohols in palm wine and their apparent absence from palm sap, as well as to the presence of some low-boiling esters and alcohols in palm sap and their apparent absence from palm wine.  相似文献   
9.
In 3 experiments, the authors investigated spatial updating in augmented reality environments. Participants learned locations of virtual objects on the physical floor. They were turned to appropriate facing directions while blindfolded before making pointing judgments (e.g., "Imagine you are facing X. Point to Y"). Experiments manipulated the angular difference between the learning heading and the imagined heading and between the actual heading and the imagined heading. The effect of actual-imagined on pointing latency was observed for naive users but not for users with brief training or instructions concerning the fact that objects can move with body movements. The results indicated that naive users used an environment-stabilized reference frame to access information arrays, but with experience and instruction the nature of the representation changed from an environment stabilized to a body stabilized reference frame. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   
10.
The European Commission's (EC) energy R&D programmes have completed two decades of progress. In the building sector special attention has been given to technology transfer and research dissemination, because of the particular problems which arise given the characteristics of the European construction industry, its diversity and fractured structure, and rather conservative nature.Projects such as the earlier Project MONITOR and BUILDING 2000, and the more recent INNOBUILD and SOLINFO projects and the Solar House programme together represent an unusual, if not unparalleled, effort aimed at bringing about technical change in building design and providing the necessary design and evaluation support and tools to professional architects and students and, to a lesser extent, to engineers. These projects are complemented by (and draw heavily from) an ambitious but clearly-targeted series of research projects investigating major energy-related issues concerning the heating, cooling and daylighting of buildings and deficiencies in knowledge of climate and human comfort, and building performance; activities such as the construction of passive solar test centres in ten EU Member States, each typically with four identical test cells equipped with interchangeable south walls, identical heating and cooling systems, sensors, and data acquisition systems. There is now in Europe considerable emphasis on the challenges of building in warmer climates, and on advancing daylighting design and performance and developing new materials.  相似文献   
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