A note on the value function for constrained control problems

We consider the Mayer optimal control problem with dynamics given by a nonconvex differential inclusion, whose trajectories are constrained to a given set and we obtain a relation between the costate function that appears in the maximum principle and the value function. This relation extends the known conditions existing in the literature for unconstrained problems to those for problems under state constraints.     

Web-service based architecture to support SCM context-awareness and interoperability

Integration of Web-Services and “smart objects” in supply chain manufacturing systems (SCM) enables enterprise innovation and competitiveness in a globalized economy. The paper proposes a web-service based architecture for SCM that enables enterprises to develop context-awareness and to achieve interoperability at data, services, processes and business levels using event based web service notifications. The architecture is analyzed and implemented following the case study of an enterprise in the automotive industry.     

Synthesis and characterization of a titanium phosphate-tellurite glass for Faraday rotators

This work is focused on investigation of thermal, structural, optical, magnetic, and magneto-optical properties of novel titanium phosphate-tellurite glass applied as Faraday rotators. The glass belonging to the system 35Li₂O–10Al₂O₃–5TiO₂–45P₂O₅–5TeO₂ was prepared by a nonconventional wet route of raw materials processing, followed by melting-quenching-annealing steps. Some important physical properties of the investigated glass have been measured and calculated, providing knowledge related to glass compactness, electronic structure, glass forming capability, etc. XRD analysis evidenced an amorphous network structure of the investigated glass. The optical absorption in the Vis domain is mainly due to Ti³⁺ ions and Te₂ clusters formed during the glass melting process. A relatively low optical absorption is noticed over 600 nm that activates a significant Faraday magneto-optical effect. Photoluminescence bands in the blue, red, and infrared domains are observed, caused by Te₂ clusters formed during the glass melting process. The magnetization in dependency on applied magnetic field reveals a complex behavior of the glass, depending on temperature. Thus, it is found a ferromagnetic behavior up to 2000 Oe, a paramagnetic component up to 40 000 Oe, followed by a diamagnetic one over 40 000 Oe. Faraday rotation angle and Verdet constant values in the visible domain are correlated with the reduced TeO₂ content of the glass.     

Image-based truss recognition for density-based topology optimization approach

Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization - Topology optimization is a tool that supports the creativity of structural-designers and is used in various industries, from automotive to...     

A novel packaging approach for RF MEMS switching functions on alumina substrate

This paper reports the design of a hermetic-compatible wafer-scale package for RF MEMS based components. The presented packaging concept consists in encapsulating the whole RF device or subsystem instead of encapsulating each MEMS component separately, which will reduce the device size and cost. This approach is based on the MEMS fabrication technology on ceramic substrate and the use of laser drilled vias hole techniques to realize full metallized vias in alumina substrates. These vias holes will allow a low loss RF signal transmission inside the package without breaking its hermeticity. Hence, several packaged switching networks prototypes, based on ohmic contact MEMS switches, have been designed following this approach and the packaging electromagnetic impact on these components has been especially studied to result on good performance devices.     

Behavior of EPS geofoam in stress-controlled cyclic uniaxial tests

During recent years, increasing consideration has been given to the compressible inclusion function of EPS geofoam, which makes this cellular geosynthetic an ideal material for reducing the static and seismic lateral earth pressures against rigid non-yielding retaining structures. Although the behavior of EPS geofoam under monotonic loading conditions has been extensively studied using laboratory triaxial compression tests, little research has been done until present on the cyclic stress–strain behavior of this material that is essential for optimizing and improving the seismic buffer function of EPS geofoam in geotechnical earthquake engineering applications. In this context, the present paper summarizes the results of a laboratory study based on stress-controlled cyclic uniaxial tests on EPS samples with various initial (static) deviator stresses. The experimental results indicate a somewhat different dynamic response of geofoam compared to the currently published relationships obtained from strain-controlled cyclic tests. Data from stress-controlled cyclic uniaxial tests show a logarithmic decrease in the damping ratio of EPS geofoam with increasing axial strain amplitude. Furthermore, for cyclic axial strain amplitudes greater than about 0.87–1.0%, the material exhibited a visco-elasto-plastic behavior associated with the occurrence of permanent plastic strains at the end of the cyclic tests.     

The PK domain of the large subunit of herpes simplex virus type 2 ribonucleotide reductase (ICP10) is required for immediate-early gene expression and virus growth

The large subunit of herpes simplex virus (HSV) ribonucleotide reductase (RR), RR1, contains a unique amino-terminal domain which has serine/threonine protein kinase (PK) activity. To examine the role of the PK activity in virus replication, we studied an HSV type 2 (HSV-2) mutant with a deletion in the RR1 PK domain (ICP10DeltaPK). ICP10DeltaPK expressed a 95-kDa RR1 protein (p95) which was PK negative but retained the ability to complex with the small RR subunit, RR2. Its RR activity was similar to that of HSV-2. In dividing cells, onset of virus growth was delayed, with replication initiating at 10 to 15 h postinfection, depending on the multiplicity of infection. In addition to the delayed growth onset, virus replication was significantly impaired (1,000-fold lower titers) in nondividing cells, and plaque-forming ability was severely compromised. The RR1 protein expressed by a revertant virus [HSV-2(R)] was structurally and functionally similar to the wild-type protein, and the virus had wild-type growth and plaque-forming properties. The growth of the ICP10DeltaPK virus and its plaque-forming potential were restored to wild-type levels in cells that constitutively express ICP10. Immediate-early (IE) genes for ICP4, ICP27, and ICP22 were not expressed in Vero cells infected with ICP10DeltaPK early in infection or in the presence of cycloheximide, and the levels of ICP0 and p95 were significantly (three- to sevenfold) lower than those in HSV-2- or HSV-2(R)-infected cells. IE gene expression was similar to that of the wild-type virus in cells that constitutively express ICP10. The data indicate that ICP10 PK is required for early expression of the viral regulatory IE genes and, consequently, for timely initiation of the protein cascade and HSV-2 growth in cultured cells.     

Pauli algebraic forms of normal and nonnormal operators

A unified treatment of the Pauli algebraic forms of the linear operators defined on a unitary linear space of two dimensions over the field of complex numbers C(1) is given. The Pauli expansions of the normal and nonnormal operators, unitary and Hermitian operators, orthogonal projectors, and symmetries are deduced in this frame. A geometrical interpretation of these Pauli algebraical results is given. With each operator, one can associate a generally complex vector, its Pauli axis. This is a natural generalization of the well-known Poincaré axis of some normal operators. A geometric criterion of distinction between the normal and nonnormal operators by means of this vector is established. The results are exemplified by the Pauli representations of the normal and nonnormal operators corresponding to some widespread composite polarization devices.