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1.
Summary The mass spectra of secondary ions emitted from PVK thin layers under 2 keV Xe+ bombardment were measured. The charasteristic elemental and molecular ions emitted were specified. The temperature dependence of the secondary emission was also measured. The results obtained were briefly discussed in terms of the ion beam-induced polymer structure fragmentation.Work supported by the research programme MR-I-5-8. 相似文献
2.
In the Fe–30Ni alloy investigated a martensitic transformation can occur both during quenching or plastic deformation. Martensite formed during plastic deformation, depending on the thermo-mechanical treatment applied, exhibits a different morphology from that achieved during quenching and forms the so-called composite-like structure. The morphology and volume fraction of martensite depends both on strain and temperature. In the present studies Fe–30Ni alloy was deformed by monotonic rolling in one path and perpendicular rolling in the temperature range MD–MS. The aim of the investigations was a determination of martensite volume fraction depending on the strain and temperature. To examine the influence of strain, the alloy was deformed by rolling in one path or perpendicular rolling at a temperature of − 30 °C, in the strain range of 10–30%. The dependence of temperature was investigated by rolling with 30% strain in a temperature range from − 30 °C to − 80 °C. The variants of thermo-mechanical treatment performed enabled us to achieve different martensite morphologies and volume fractions. Microstructural analysis was performed by means of light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results of quantitative microstructural analysis of martensite and retained austenite volume fractions formed in different thermo-mechanical treatments were compared with those obtained by magnetic measurements. The fraction of deformation-induced martensite determined varied from 2% to 86%. The partial volume fractions VVMF of martensite formed in different deformation directions were also determined. It was found that the influence of the temperature on the martensite volume fraction is more pronounced than the influence of strain. 相似文献
3.
We propose a new encryption algorithm relying on reversible cellular automata (CA). The behavior complexity of CA and their
parallel nature makes them interesting candidates for cryptography. The proposed algorithm belongs to the class of symmetric
key systems.
Marcin Seredynski: He is a Ph.D. student at University of Luxembourg and Polish Academy of Sciences. He received his M.S. in 2004 from Faculty
of Electronics and Information Technology in Warsaw University of Technology. His research interests include cryptography,
cellular automata, nature inspired algorithms and network security. Currently he is working on intrusion detection algorithms
for ad-hoc networks.
Pascal Bouvry, Ph.D.: He earned his undergraduate degree in Economical & Social Sciences and his Master degree in Computer Science with distinction
(’91) from the University of Namur, Belgium. He went on to obtain his Ph.D. degree (’94) in Computer Science with great distinction
at the University of Grenoble (INPG), France. His research at the IMAG laboratory focussed on Mapping and scheduling task
graphs onto Distributed Memory Parallel Computers. Next, he performed post-doctoral researches on coordination languages and
multi-agent evolutionary computing at CWI in Amsterdam. He gained industrial experience as manager of the technology consultant
team for FICS in the banking sector (Brussels, Belgium). Next, he worked as CEO and CTO of SDC (Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam)
in the telecom, semi-conductor and space industry. After that, He moved to Montreal Canada as VP Production of Lat45 and Development
Director for MetaSolv Software in the telecom industry. He is currently serving as Professor in the group of Computer Science
and Communications (CSC) of the Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Communications of Luxembourg University and he is heading
the Intelligent & Adaptive Systems lab. His current research interests include: ad-hoc networks & grid-computing, evolutionary
algorithms and multi-agent systems. 相似文献
4.
Multiprocessor scheduling and rescheduling with use of cellular automata and artificial immune system support 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Swiecicka A. Seredynski F. Zomaya A.Y. 《Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE Transactions on》2006,17(3):253-262
The paper presents cellular automata (CA)-based multiprocessor scheduling system, in which an extraction of knowledge about scheduling process occurs and this knowledge is used while solving new instances of the scheduling problem. There are three modes of the scheduler: learning, normal operating, and reusing. In the learning mode, a genetic algorithm is used to discover CA rules suitable for solving instances of a scheduling problem. In the normal operating mode, discovered rules are able to find automatically, without a calculation of a cost function, an optimal or suboptimal solution of the scheduling problem for any initial allocation of program tasks in a multiprocessor system. In the third mode, previously discovered rules are reused with support of an artificial immune system (AIS) to solve new instances of the problem. We present a number of experimental results showing the performance of the CA-based scheduler. 相似文献
5.
Seredynski F. Zomaya A.Y. 《Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE Transactions on》2002,13(10):1009-1023
We present an approach to designing cellular automata-based multiprocessor scheduling algorithms in which extracting knowledge about the scheduling process occurs. We consider the simplest case when a multiprocessor system is limited to two-processors. To design cellular automata corresponding to a given program graph, we propose a generic definition of program graph neighborhood, transparent to the various kinds, sizes, and shapes of program graphs. The cellular automata-based scheduler works in two modes: learning mode and operation mode. Discovered rules are typically suitable for sequential cellular automata working as a scheduler, while the most interesting and promising feature of cellular automata are their massive parallelism. To overcome difficulties in evolving parallel cellular automata rules, we propose using coevolutionary genetic algorithm. Discovered this way, rules enable us to design effective parallel schedulers. We present a number of experimental results for both sequential and parallel scheduling algorithms discovered in the context of a cellular automata-based scheduling system 相似文献
6.
Hennel F 《Magma (New York, N.Y.)》1999,9(3):134-137
A residual ghost artefact in echo-planar imaging (EPI) remains after the standard correction procedure based on a 1-dimensional
phase-modulation of the spectra of even or odd echoes. A better reduction of this artefact is demonstrated using a 2-dimensional
phase correction. The phase correction map is measured inside the ghost-free region of the image, preferably in a reference
scan with an increased field of view, as the phase difference between complex images reconstructed separately from even and
odd echoes. An extrapolated map consisting of spatial components up to the second order (constant,x, y, xy andx
2−y2) is then found by a fit to the measured values. This map is used to correct the phase of even- and odd-reconstructed images
before adding them. This procedure may cause some spatially dependent loss of signal, but if the level of the residual artefact
is less than 20% of the image intensity, such losses are negligible. 相似文献
7.
Catalase has been irradiated with 100 keV electrons under conditions simulating the hazards of electron microscopic imaging. Amino acid analysis reveals a definite pattern of amino acid destruction which is well correlated with the particular chemical structures of amino acid side chains. This pattern appears to be distinctly different from the sensitivity pattern for monoamino acid systems, which fact is ascribed to intramolecular energy transfer and selective attack of liberated radicals. 相似文献
8.
Alan R. Katritzky Franciszek Saczewski Charles M. Marson 《Israel journal of chemistry》1986,27(1):111-116
Carbazoles react with a variety of one-carbon fragments at the 3- or 3,6-positions to give di- and trimeric products with CH2: links. These precursors react by losing hydride ion to give blue oligomeric dyes. Carbazoles substituted in the 9-position by CH2SPh, CH2SOPh, and CH2SO2Ph rearrange to give carbazole oligomers linked at the 3,6-positions. Products are characterised spectrally, and their mechanism of formation is discussed. 相似文献
9.
Katarzyna?Grzelak-B?aszczykEmail author Krzysztof?Ko?odziejczyk Ewa?Bade?ek Franciszek?Adamicki 《European Food Research and Technology》2011,232(6):1027-1033
The aim of this work is to present the results of the analysis of composition of mono-, di- and oligosaccharides, including
the content of fructooligosaccharides as well as rafinose, stachyose in pseudo stalk of leek plants of the following cultivars:
Shelton F1, Belton F1 and Parton F1. Leek plants were stored in cold room at the temperature 0 °C and relative humidity around
98% in the period from December to May. Fructose, glucose, saccharose, fructooligosaccharides (FOS) as well as α-galactosides
were determined with the HPLC method with the application of water-alcohol extracts. It was shown that some of the studied
parameters have changed during storage, i.e., the glucose content increased from 4.4 ± 0.3 to 16.2 ± 1.6, fructose from 4.7 ± 0.2
to 23.8 ± 0.4, saccharose from 5.1 ± 0.7 to 18.7 ± 0.1, depending on the cultivar and the storage period. The largest increase
in the content of fructose and glucose took place between 60th and 90th day of storage which testifies to intensive hydrolysis
of fructans. Leek cv. Parton F1 was characterised by the largest content of fructans and the lowest susceptibility to hydrolysis.
The amount of kestose, nystose and rafinose after the period of storage changed from 0.3 ± 0.0 to 0.9 ± 0.2, 0.5 ± 0.1 to
1.8 ± 0.1, 0.8 ± 0.1 to 1.8 ± 0.2 g/100 g of dry mass, respectively. The content of stachyose, in turn, remained at a constant
level and amounts to around 0.5 g/100 g of dry mass. Leek plants kept in typical refrigeration conditions are characterised
by good durability and constitute a valuable merchandise. However, due to ongoing hydrolysis processes, the content of prebiotic
substances decreased what lowered the health-promoting value. 相似文献
10.
This paper focuses on the problem of the evaluation of strains around the inclusions of various shapes and properties located in the uniform matrix undergoing large plastic deformations. The analysis is performed using the rigid-plastic finite-element approach. The uniform plane-strain deformation field is simulated by an introduction of zero friction forces into the program for the compression process. An assumption that the die is wider than the sample allows to simulate ideally uniform flow of metal. Several shapes of the inclusions are investigated, but the results for three most common shapes of the particle's cross-section are presented in the paper. They are: square with the sides parallel to the main directions, square with the sides inclined under an angle of 45° to the main directions and round. 相似文献