Design,Modeling and Control of a Simulator of an Aircraft Maneuver in the Wind Tunnel Using Cable Robot

International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems - In this paper, a new controllable simulator is proposed and modeled by which, experimental tests of the aircraft’s models can be...     

低密度微泡沫压井液的研究与应用

吐哈油田部分区块地层压力系数小于0.9,常规水基压井液对储层伤害大,若使用油基压井液成本高,环境污染严重。通过实验优选出了一种低密度水基微泡沫压井液。该压井液具有密度低、泡沫强度高、稳定性好、携砂能力强等优点。现场应用表明,低密度微泡沫压井液稳定时间大于48 h,密度在0.70~0.99 g/cm3之间可调,抗油污染能力强,抗油大于8%,抗温在100℃以上,岩心污染后渗透率恢复值大于80%;并且施工方便,成本低,具有储层保护能力,使用微泡沫压井液的井表皮系数在0.20~2.34之间。     

台北凹陷小草湖次凹油气成藏特点及有利区带

吐哈盆地小草湖次凹发育多套烃源岩，油源条件好，油气资源丰富，油气勘探潜力巨大，中侏罗统发育三套储盖组合，凹陷内油气藏类型主要为侏罗系三间房组，七克台组的构造－岩性复合型和侏罗系西山窑组的深盆气藏，燕山运动末期是小草湖次凹一次重要的成藏期，古构造，古构造背景和构造－岩性复合型圈闭发育是小草湖次凹成藏主控因素，根据小草湖次凹成藏主控因素评价和优选有利区带，勘探工作取得了良好效果。     

Amifostine (WR-2721) shortens the engraftment period of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide-purged bone marrow in breast cancer patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow support

4-Hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC), a commonly used marrow-purging agent, is active against many tumors, but is also toxic to normal marrow progenitors. Amifostine (WR-2721) is a sulfhydryl compound with chemoprotectant activity. Preclinical studies using suspensions of bone marrow and breast cancer cells demonstrated that ex vivo treatment with amifostine followed by 4-HC resulted in protection of marrow progenitors, with no compromise in the antitumor effect of 4-HC. This fact stimulated the development of a clinical trial. Bone marrow was harvested from 15 poor-prognosis breast cancer patients and randomly assigned to ex vivo treatment with amifostine followed by 4-HC (amifostine + 4-HC), or treatment with 4-HC alone. High-dose chemotherapy was then administered followed by infusion of the purged autologous bone marrow support (ABMS). Leukocyte engraftment, defined as a white blood cell count > or = 1 x 10(9)/L, was achieved in an average of 26 days for patients whose marrow was purged with amifostine + 4-HC versus 36 days for patients whose marrow was purged with 4-HC alone (P = .032). The average number of platelet transfusions (12 v 29; P = .017) and days of antibiotic therapy (28 v 40; P = .012) were significantly less for patients whose marrow was exposed to amifostine + 4-HC, compared with 4-HC alone. Unpurged backup marrow fractions were infused into three patients whose marrow was purged with 4-HC alone, because of inadequate marrow recovery. None of the patients who received amifostine + 4-HC-purged marrow required a backup marrow fraction. Complete remissions were achieved in 83% of patients with measurable disease, with no difference between the two cohorts. Forty-three percent of patients remained alive and progression-free at a mean of 13 months posttransplant. There was no significant difference in the rate or pattern of relapse for patients whose marrow was purged with amifostine + 4-HC compared with those whose marrow was purged with 4-HC alone. Ex vivo treatment of marrow with amifostine significantly shortens the time to marrow recovery, thereby reducing the risk of myelosuppressive complications in breast cancer patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy and 4-HC-purged ABMS. Since supportive care requirements are also significantly decreased, amifostine may reduce the cost of such therapy.     

Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on physicochemical and biochemical properties of milk

Interest in high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) applications on milk and dairy products has recently increased as HHP offers a new technology for food preservation to the food industry. Although HHP-induced microbial destruction, rennet or acid coagulation of milk and increase in cheese yield has been reported, the actual effect of HHP application on milk constituents still remains to be unexplained. Therefore, we have analyzed the effect of HHP on physicochemical and biochemical properties such as turbidity, pH and especially protein micelle surface hydrophobicity of milk proteins. To serve for this purpose, milk samples with different fat contents were pressurized from 110 to 440 MPa at 25 °C for 10 and 20 min. Turbidity decreased with pressure increase and there was a slight change in pH. In order to measure the extent of exposure of hydrophobic groups of proteins to HHP, the method described by Bonomi et al. [1], based on use of a fluorescent probe, was utilized. In the light of the results obtained, it can be concluded that HHP has an effect on non-covalent interactions and especially hydrophobic bonds in milk. As the pressure is increased from 110 to 440 MPa, the micelles possibly decompose into sub-micelles and the embedded hydrophobic areas inside these micelles re-position in such a way that they can readily interfere with the fluorescent marker, ANS. These results may lead to practical applications of HHP treatment in the dairy industry to produce microbiologically safe, minimally processed products with high nutritional and sensory quality and novel texture.     

Effect of Mentha spicata L. and Mentha aquatica L. essential oils on the microbiological properties of fermented dairy product,kashk

The antibacterial activity of Mentha spicata and Mentha aquatica essential oils (EO) was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium animalis and Clostridium perfringens using agar well and disc diffusion techniques. Results showed that M. spicata EO had the highest inhibition activity against the studied microorganisms. Then, the antibacterial activity of both EO at 1500 and 2500 ppm was examined in industrial liquid kashk during the storage at 4 °C for 20 days. Both EO reduced the S. aureus viable count below 5 log CFU g^?1 after 4 days; however, the population of C. perfringens, L. reuteri and B. animalis decreased <1 log CFU g^?1 during the storage time. The least deteriorative effect on the lactic acid bacteria was related to M. aquatica. As revealed by organoleptic studies, kashk samples containing M. aquatica EO at 1500 and 2500 ppm were the most preferred samples.     

Thermogravimetric analysis and kinetic study of heavy oil pyrolysis

Pyrolysis, so-called devolatilization, is one of the first steps of all thermochemical processes occurring in an inert atmosphere. The authors discuss the main kinetic features of heavy oil pyrolysis, on the basis of the data derived m from a TGA analysis and by using a kinetic model. The samples were heated over a range of temperature from 400 K to 430°C at various heating rates between 10 and 80°C/min. Experimental results showed that the effect of time is considerable in the case of tar conversion, compared to char and gases.     

火山岩油藏储层特征及开发对策

近年来，随着石油工业的发展和勘探技术的提高，火山岩油气藏相继在国内外都有比较多的发现。由于火成岩油气藏具有分布广但规模较小、初始产量高且递减快、储集类型和成藏条件复杂等特点。目前，对该类油气藏的系统研究方法相对缺乏，勘探开发技术尚不够完善。在此总结了火山岩储集层的特征及油藏类型，阐述了火山岩油气藏的开发方式，分析了国内外火山岩油气藏研究及勘探开发的成功实例，提出了火山岩油藏开发的几点建议，以期对吐哈探区三塘湖盆地火山岩油气藏的勘探开发起到一定的借鉴作用。     

牛东火山岩油藏注水先导试验

注水开发对于砂岩类油藏是一项成熟的补充能量的开发技术，裂缝对火成岩油藏注水开发效果影响较大，通过注水先导试验，解决牛东区块火成岩注水开发是否可行、注入水推进的方向性及裂缝对注水开发的影响等问题。针对牛东区块储层及开采特征，借鉴国内同类油田注水开发效果，分析牛东区块注水能力，提出建议，指导油田开发。     

辽河、大庆油田火山岩油藏开发对牛东开发的启示

辽河油田火山岩油藏开发积累了近10年的经验，大庆油田近几年在火山岩油藏识别、评价和预测方面做了系统深入的研究。这两个油田在火山岩油藏的地层划分识别、裂缝研究、开发规律研究以及水平井应用和注水开发方面都开展了很多有益的探索和实践，对三塘湖盆地牛东区块下步将要开展的油井产能分布规律研究、开发井网部署、开发方式、水平井应用及开发指标的科学合理预测都具有重要的指导意义。