Numerical investigation of zoomable holographic projection without a zoom lens

Holographic projection is for laser displays and has the merits of being aberration free, producing high‐contrast images, having the ability of color reconstruction with one spatial light modulator, and so on. In this paper, we propose a zoomable holographic projection without using a zoom lens and verify the proposed method by using numerical simulation. Although such a system can be readily realized to use the features of holography, which is capable of recording a large image exceeding the hologram size, the required calculation is very time consuming. For acceleration, we used shifted Fresnel diffraction for setting different sampling rates on a hologram and projected image. The proposed method can project any zoom‐in and zoom‐out image between zeroth‐order and first‐order lights, and the processing time and required memory for the zoom are constant.     

In Situ Observation of Phase Separation of a Barium Borate Melt in a Stable Immiscibility Region under Microgravity

The precipitation of droplets was directly observed on a BaO–B₂O₃ melt in a drop shaft experiment. This is the first time that precipitation of droplets has been observed in a 4.5 s drop test. The melt film of 4BaOz96B₂O₃ (mol%) held on a platinum wire loop was heated above the critical tem-perature to produce uniformity and was cooled down to the phase separation temperature range. Phase separation of the melt was observed directly with a video camera. The IR image of the melt was simultaneously detected with a CCD array and was converted into a two-dimensional thermograph.     

Fast computation of computer-generated hologram using Xeon Phi coprocessor

We report fast computation of computer-generated holograms (CGHs) using Xeon Phi coprocessors, which have massively x86-based processors on one chip, recently released by Intel. CGHs can generate arbitrary light wavefronts, and therefore, are promising technology for many applications: for example, three-dimensional displays, diffractive optical elements, and the generation of arbitrary beams. CGHs incur enormous computational cost. In this paper, we describe the implementations of several CGH generating algorithms on the Xeon Phi, and the comparisons in terms of the performance and the ease of programming between the Xeon Phi, a CPU and graphics processing unit (GPU).     

Transient analysis of the release and reduction of NOx using a Pt/Ba/Al2O3 catalyst

The release and reduction of NO_x in a NO_x storage-reduction (NSR) catalyst were studied with a transient reaction analysis in the millisecond range, which was made possible by the combination of pulsed injection of gases and time resolved time-of-flight mass spectrometry. After an O₂ pulse and a subsequent NO pulse were injected into a pellet of the Pt/Ba/Al₂O₃ catalyst, the time profiles of several gas products, NO, N₂, NH₃ and H₂O, were obtained as a result of the release and reduction of NO_x caused by H₂ injection. Comparing the time profiles in another analysis, which were obtained using a model catalyst consisting of a flat 5 nmPt/Ba(NO₃)₂/cordierite plate, the release and reduction of NO_x on Pt/Ba/Al₂O₃ catalyst that stored NO_x took the following two steps; in the first step NO molecules were released from Ba and in the second step the released NO was reduced into N₂ by H₂ pulse injection. When this H₂ pulse was injected in a large amount, NO was reduced to NH₃ instead of N₂.

A only small amount of H₂O was detected because of the strong affinity for alumina support. We can analyze the NO_x regeneration process to separate two steps of the NO_x release and reduction by a detailed analysis of the time profiles using a two-step reaction model. From the result of the analysis, it is found that the rate constant for NO_x release increased as temperature increase.     

Enhanced ionization of phosphorylated peptides during MALDI TOF mass spectrometry

Although alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid functions as an excellent matrix for the analysis of most peptides using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI TOF) mass spectrometry, the ionization of phosphorylated peptides is usually suppressed by nonphosphorylated peptides. As an alternative matrix, 2',4',6'-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) with diammonium citrate was found to overcome this problem for the MALDI TOF mass spectrometric analysis of proteolytic digests of phosphorylated proteins. Specifically, the abundances of phosphorylated peptides in tryptic digests of bovine beta-casein and protein kinase C (PKC)-treated mouse cardiac troponin I were enhanced more than 10-fold using THAP during positive ion MALDI TOF mass spectrometry. The protonated molecules of phosphorylated peptides were sufficiently abundant that postsource decay TOF mass spectrometry was used to confirm the number of phosphate groups in each peptide. Finally, tryptic digestion followed by analysis using MALDI TOF mass spectrometry with THAP as the matrix facilitated the identification of a unique phosphorylation site in PKC-treated troponin I.     

Low-temperature growth of highly crystallized transparent conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide films by intermittent spray pyrolysis deposition

Following the procedure by Sawada et al. (Thin Solid Films 409 (2002) 46), high-quality SnO₂:F films were grown on glass substrates at relatively low temperatures of 325–340°C by intermittent spray pyrolysis deposition using a perfume atomizer for cosmetics use. Even though the substrate temperature is low, as-deposited films show a high optical transmittance of 92% in the visible range, a low electric resistivity of 5.8×10⁻⁴ Ω cm and a high Hall mobility of 28 cm²/V s. The F/Sn atomic ratio (0.0074) in the films is low in comparison with the value (0.5) in the sprayed solution. The carrier density in the film is approximately equal to the F-ion density, suggesting that most of the F-ions effectively function as active dopants. Films’ transmittance and resistivity show little change after a 450°C 60 min heat treatment in the atmosphere, evidencing a high heat resistance. The SnO₂:F films obtained in this work remove the difficulty to improve the figure of merit at low synthesis temperatures.     

Antitumor killer lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of a patient with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

Despite the trend in the use of electromechanical left ventricular assist devices (LVAD), the highly compact, long lasting, and endurance characteristics of the new pneumatic system has its place in the treatment of end-stage chronic heart failure. The ProCor Model 1 LVAD has an implantable pump which is small in size and has a double pusher plate design. The portable power pack is small, too. It is easy to carry, and it is synchronized to the ECG to pump during the patient's diastolic period. Constant driving conditions are set as follows: frequency rate, 60 bpm; systolic percentage, 25 (250 ms); dP/dt, 1,800 (45 ms) mm Hg.s; and driving pressure, 250 mm Hg to have a basic 3.500 L/min pump output for prolonged circulatory assistance. The 6 mm internal diameter (ID) percutaneous multipurpose pneumatic tube contains within its wall both a spiral of MP35N alloy wire connected to the myocardial lead for ECG sensing and a spiral serving as mass ready to be used for cardiac pacing with an external pacemaker when necessary. The aortic porcine bioprosthesis maintains the aortic root and the sinus ridge.     

Photoluminescence characteristics and pit formation of InGaN/GaN quantum-well structures grown on sapphire substrates by low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy

We have examined how a growth interruption, caused by closing group-III sources, affects the crystalline quality of InGaN/GaN quantum-well (QW) structures grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The QW samples were characterized by their photoluminescence (PL), and by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) microanalysis. The PL peak wavelength was strongly dependent on the duration of the growth interruption and on the number of QW layers. AFM measurements revealed that the size of the open hexagonally shaped pits in the QW structures increased dramatically as the interruption duration was lengthened. Through TEM and EDX microanalysis, we found that the formation of these hexahedronal pits, formed due to the growth interruption, causes a large fluctuation in the In composition, especially around the pits, and the presence of such pits in an underlying QW layer strongly affects the In incorporation into the upper QW layers, leading to significant growth-rate variation in an InGaN QW layer and red-shifting of the PL spectra when a multiple-QW structure is grown.     

Structure of silane layer formed on silica particle surfaces by treatment with silane coupling agents having various functional groups

The surface treatment of spherical silica particles with silane coupling agents having various organic functional groups was conducted and the effect of the alkoxy group number on the molecular flexibility of the silane chain with multilayer coverage was investigated using ¹H-pulse nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The silica particles were treated with 2-propanol solution and heated at 120?°C for 24?h after solvent evaporation to accelerate the polycondensation reaction of silanol groups. For multilayer coverage, flexible linear chain and rigid network structures were expected to form on the surface from the di- and trialkoxy structures, respectively. However, the rigid network structure was formed from both the di- and trialkoxy structures with glycidoxy, amino, and methacryloxy functional silanes. Ring opening of the epoxy group occurred, followed by reaction to form the network structure, even with the dialkoxy structure of the glycidoxy functionality. Ring opening of the epoxy group could be reduced by pH adjustment of the treatment solution and the linear chain structure was formed from the dialkoxy structure. In the case of amino and methacryloxy functional groups, hydrogen bonds were formed between the amino or methacryloxy groups and the silanol groups on the silica surface or silane molecules.     

Improvement in formability by control of temperature in hot stamping of ultra-high strength steel parts

The formability in hot stamping of an ultra-high strength steel part was improved by preventing a temperature drop of the flange increasing resistance to drawing. The temperature drop was reduced by high speed forming using a servo press and by less contact with a die and blankholder using spacers thicker than the sheet. In addition, hardening of the flange was prevented by slow cooling for the less contact using the spacers to facilitate trimming of the hot-stamped part. From a hot deep drawing experiment with a hemispherical punch, the effectiveness of the present approaches of temperature control was demonstrated.