二苯并-18-冠-6的合成条件的优化

通过改变溶剂的极性、离子性、离去基团的活性及反应温度等方法,对传统的Pedersen冠醚合成法进行了优化,使目标产物的最高产率达到71%以上.产物通过IR、1H NMR及元素分析等方法进行结构表征.     

Layered Orthorhombic Nb2O5@Nb4C3Tx and TiO2@Ti3C2Tx Hierarchical Composites for High Performance Li‐ion Batteries

Engineering electrode nanostructures is critical in developing high‐capacity, fast rate‐response, and safe Li‐ion batteries. This study demonstrates the synthesis of orthorhombic Nb₂O₅@Nb₄C₃T_x (or @Nb₂CT_x) hierarchical composites via a one‐step oxidation —in flowing CO₂ at 850 °C —of 2D Nb₄C₃T_x (or Nb₂CT_x) MXene. The composites possess a layered architecture with orthorhombic Nb₂O₅ nanoparticles decorated uniformly on the surface of the MXene flakes and interconnected by disordered carbon. The composites have a capacity of 208 mAh g^?1 at a rate of 50 mA g^?1 (0.25 C) in 1–3 V versus Li⁺/Li, and retain 94% of the specific capacity with 100% Coulombic efficiency after 400 cycles. The good electrochemical performances could be attributed to three synergistic effects: (1) the high conductivity of the interior, unoxidized Nb₄C₃T_x layers, (2) the fast rate response and high capacity of the external Nb₂O₅ nanoparticles, and (3) the electron “bridge” effects of the disordered carbon. This oxidation method was successfully extended to Ti₃C₂T_x and Nb₂CT_x MXenes to prepare corresponding composites with similar hierarchical structures. Since this is an early report on producing this structure, there is much room to push the boundaries further and achieve better electrochemical performance.     

国产混合型卷烟与国外知名品牌混合型卷烟的分析比较及发展思路

选择市场销售份额较大、档次较高的国产混合型卷烟与国外知名品牌的混合型卷烟进行系统详细的分析比较,找出我国混合型卷烟在物理特性、烟支结构、化学成分、烟气特征、感官质量等各个方面与世界知名品牌的差距。我国混合型卷烟在设计思路及化学成分上存在以下不足：（１）卷烟吸阻分布不合理,滤嘴吸阻偏低;（２）卷烟纸透气度偏高,而滤嘴通风稀释较少;（３）卷烟烟丝化学成分不协调,糖氮比偏高、氮碱比偏低、糖碱比则有高有低。这些差异是造成国产混合型卷烟吸味不佳及焦油量偏高的主要原因。针对这些不足,文章指出了我国混合型卷烟的发展思路及研究方向,认为应从产品设计、工艺加工、基础研究等方面入手。     

数字化转型:中国烟草科技创新发展的必然选择

在新一轮科技革命和产业变革的历史背景下,从大数据加速科学研究范式演进、数字化技术推动产业技术升级、数字化转型加快产业经济发展等不同层面,论述了数字赋能科技革命和产业变革的发展趋势。在此基础上,根据烟草科技的发展现状,分析了中国烟草科技数字化发展的基础优势与面临的挑战,作出了“数字化转型是中国烟草科技创新发展的必然选择”的判断,并在烟草科学大数据、数字化育种、智慧烟叶生产、数字化产品设计、卷烟智能制造、产品精准评价等领域,提出了烟草科技数字化发展的重点方向,从而为中国烟草科技的创新发展提供参考。      

Electron Microscopy Studies on Ultrafine Zirconia Powders from Solvent Extraction with Tributyl Phosphate in Kerosene

Solvent extraction of Zr(IV) with TBP in kerosene was used to precipitate precursory zirconia which was then processed to produce ultrafine zirconia powders. The powder prepared was examined and characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Effects of the conditions of preparation on powder properties were especially investigated.It was found the preclpitate was gel-like material with heterogeneous porosity. The gel transformed to polycrystalline particles when calcined to ultrafine powder at 600℃. The composition of the loaded organic phase and the conditions of washing the precipitate are two main factors affecting the properties of powder obtained     

仿生型步进式直线驱动器的研究

本文提出一种新型直线驱动器的仿生动作原理，并设计出两种机械结构及其控制器。实验表明，这类驱动器具有精度高，步距可变，输出力大，行程长，结构简单，体积小，内藏传感器，具有极好输出特性等特点。这类驱动器适用于一切超高精度的直接驱动。     

A STUDY ON THE SCALING RATE MODEL OF CALCIUM CARBONATE IN SATURATED WATER SYSTEM

1 INTRODUCTIONCalcium carbonate scaling is quite common in chemical processes,especially in heatexchangers.Only limited work has been done in mathematical modelling describingthe calcium carbonate scaling phenomenon.Hasson’s ionic diffusion model happenedto be one being rather broadly accepted.     

基于卷烟辅助材料参数的卷烟烟气有害成分预测模型

为考察卷烟辅助材料参数(卷烟纸克重、卷烟纸透气度、成型纸透气度、接装纸透气度和滤棒吸阻)对卷烟主流烟气有害成分释放量的影响,采用中心组合结合正交设计制备试验卷烟,利用线性回归法和逐步回归法建立卷烟辅助材料参数对主流烟气7种有害成分(CO,NNK,NH3,HCN,BaP,苯酚、巴豆醛)及2种常规化学成分(焦油、烟碱)释放量的多因素预测模型,根据统计学原理中交叉验证标准差(RMSECV)最小的原则筛选出最优预测模型。在不同卷烟配方条件下,外部验证结果表明:CO,NNK,NH3,HCN,BaP,巴豆醛、苯酚、烟碱和焦油等9种有害成分平均预测相对偏差分别为6.9%,8.7%,6.6%,11.8%,4.1%,8.2%,5.3%,4.0%和4.8%。9种有害成分预测模型预测精度良好,对于不同的配方和辅助材料具有广泛的适用性。     

PICC编译环境编写PIC单片机程序的探讨

目前，Microchip公司生产的PIC系列单片机以其低成本、低功耗、高性能、开发速度快且一次性用户可编程等优点迅速占领了国内市场，成为国内销售量最大的单片机。但国内介绍其C语言开发工具的书籍和文章却比较少，在开发过程中给广大程序员带来了许多困难和不便。