Critical heat flux on a flat plate heater located at the middle of a duct in forced flow of pressurized He II

Critical heat fluxes (CHFs) were measured for two types of rectangular ducts containing horizontal flat plate heaters. One has the flat plate heater of 6 mm wide and 20 mm long located on the inner lower wall at 50 mm from the inlet. The other duct has two horizontal flat plates of 6 mm wide and 20 mm long on inner upper and lower walls at 50 mm from the inlet. The equation of CHF for the forced convection containing a new nondimensional-parameter m introduced in order to calculate cross-sectionally averaged liquid temperature at the center of the duct was derived based on two fluid model, ordinary convection theorem and experimental results. It was confirmed that this correlation can describe not only the author's data on the duct but also other worker's data for channels with different shapes and sizes.     

Treatment of hemifacial spasm with botulinum toxin

We injected botulinum toxin to treat hemifacial spasm, and investigated the effects and the patient's impression of this treatment. Average duration of improvement lasted about 3.5 months in both the initial treatment group and the recurrent group. However the patients in the recurrent group received fewer units of botulinum toxin than those in the initial treatment group. Except for local paralysis that disappeared within a month, there were very few complications. Most patient were satisfied with this treatment. We conclude that the treatment of hemifacial spasm with botulinum toxin is both simple and useful.     

Design of High Speed AWGN Communication Channel Emulator

This paper presents a method for designing a high accuracy white gaussian noise generator suitable for communication channel emulation. The proposed solution is based on the combined use of the Box-Muller method and the central limit theorem. The resulting architecture provides a high accuracy AWGN with a low complexity architecture for a digital implementation in FPGA. The performance is studied by means of MATLAB simulations and various complexity figures are given.     

Internal excitation of intermediate mass fragments from collisions of 36Ar+Ag nuclei at 35 MeV/nucleon

An extruding wire knife was used to give adult male CFHB rats a minimally traumatic unilateral mechanical lesion of the medial forebrain bundle. In addition, some rats received bilateral intrastriatal injections of one of three fluorescent retrograde tracers either eight days before or eight days after the lesion. Injections made after the lesion revealed that about half of the animals had complete lesions of the nigrostriatal tract, while the other half were incompletely lesioned, the mean proportion of non-axotomized neurons being 23%. Over the 10 weeks following the lesions, the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells in the lesioned substantia nigra fell linearly, reaching a mean of 29% of that of the control substantia nigra. In the animals which were completely lesioned, neuronal survival at 10 weeks varied between 6 and 12%. That the disappearance of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons was due to cell death rather than the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase itself was confirmed by labelling the cells with Fluoro Gold before axotomy; the tracer was seen in survival neurons, microglia and in a few involuted neurons which continued to be tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive. This percentage of neurons surviving axotomy corresponds to the proportion of substantia nigra neurons which project to the contralateral striatum, and these neurons were in the region of the substantia nigra from which the contralateral projection originated. It is concluded that following mechanical transection of the nigrostriatal tract, all truly axotomized substantia nigra neurons die over a period of about 10 weeks.     

Vorticity field structure associated with the 3D Tollmien-Schlichting waves

Details of the vorticity field structure associated with the 3D Tollmien-Schlichting waves have been examined based upon the recent numerical studies of the subject. First, a single obliquet-s wave has been found to have the velocity component parallel to the wave front playing an overall dominant role, in particular, to create the longitudinal vorticity. The so-called Benney-Lin longitudinal vortices are then demonstrated to be, in fact, a minor consequence compared with the localized longitudinal vorticity field and its periodic pumping. Finally, the formation of the longitudinal vorticity field in the fundamental- and subharmonic-mode interactions is explained. The research reported in this paper has been supported in part by Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie and by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The major part of the paper has been presented at the Third Asian Congress of Fluid Mechanics, 1–5 September 1986, in Tokyo, as a General Lecture by the senior author, FRH.     

Implicit induction in conditional theories

We propose a new procedure for proof by induction in conditional theories where case analysis is simulated by term rewriting. This technique reduces considerably the number of variables of a conjecture to be considered for applying induction schemes. Our procedure is presented as a set of inference rules whose correctness has been formally proved. Moreover, when the axioms are ground convergent and the functions are completely defined, it is possible to apply the system for refuting conjectures. The procedure is even refutationally complete for conditional equations with Boolean preconditions over free constructors. The method is entirely implemented in the proverSPIKE. This system has solved interesting problems in a completely automatic way, that is, without interaction with the user and without ad hoc heuristics. It has also proved the challenging Gilbreath card trick, with only two easy lemmas.Preliminary versions of the results have been presented at the 13th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Chambéry (France), 1993 (Bouhoula and Rusinowith, 1993).     

Unsupervised deep learning approach for network intrusion detection combining convolutional autoencoder and one-class SVM

Applied Intelligence - With the rapid advancement in network technologies, the need for cybersecurity has gained increasing momentum in recent years. As a primary defense mechanism, an intrusion...     

Effect of Adding Transition Metals to Copper on the Dehydrogenation Reaction of Ethanol

The present work aims to investigate the effect adding Ag, Co, Ni, Cd and Pt to copper on ethanol dehydrogenation. The catalysts synthesized by deposition–precipitation method were characterized using various physicochemical methods such as N₂ adsorption–desorption, TPR, SEM–EDX, XRD, XPS and TGA–DSC-MS. Catalytic evaluation results revealed that the predominant product of the reaction was acetaldehyde. Monometallic copper or mixed with Cd, Ag or Co show good catalytic performances. Adding nickel to copper improves the process conversion but reduces acetaldehyde selectivity, giving rise to methane in produced hydrogen. Pt-Cu/SiO₂ catalyst guides the reaction towards diethyl ether. Time on stream tests performed during 12 h at 260 °C, showed that adding Cd to Cu enhances its stability by over 30% of conversion, this is explained by the reduction of copper crystallites sintering, which makes Cd-Cu/SiO₂ a promising catalyst for the production of acetaldehyde by ethanol dehydrogenation.

Graphic Abstract