A magnetic sensor array for spot welding quality monitor

Spot welding is affected by many factors and is difficult to monitor the nugget information with single sensor. In this paper, a new monitor system based on sensors array technique was developed for spot welding quality detection. The key part in the system is cross magnetic sensor array. It is composed of six magnetic sensors. An improved algorithm was proposed to extract the signal eigenvalue, which was based on principle component analysis. The results show that in the case of the 60 mm experiment, cross magnetic sensor array works well. And when the eigenvalues range of the cross magnetic sensor array is 0.090 1-0.098 2, the spots quality is good. The analysis of the eigenvalues of the cross magnetic sensor array allows us to determine whether the spot quality is good or bad.     

Chaos analysis of acoustic emission signals in spot welding process

Bused on chaos time series and fiactal theory, acoustic emission signals were studied in the process of spot welding. According to calculating 8 welding parameters using phase space reconstruction method, the largest Lyapunov exponents were positive values and chaos characteristics were firstly discovered from acoustic emission signals in spot welding. In order to evaluate acoustic emission signal, Hausdorff dimension is put forward to analyze and estimate chaos characteristics. The experiment and calculation results indicate that the Hausdorff dimension of acoustic emission signal is significantly distinguishable in the nuggets with different welding parameters. This research provides a new method for measuring the resistance spot welding quality.     

General expression of double ellipsoidal heat source model and its error analysis

In order to analyze the maximum power density error with different heat flux distribution parameter values for double ellipsoidal heat source model, a general expression of double ellipsoidal heat source model was derived from Goldak double ellipsoidal heat source model, and the error of maximum power density was analyzed under this foundation. The calculation error of thermal cycling parameters caused by the maximum power density error was compared quantitatively by numerical simulation. The results show that for guarantee the accuracy of welding numerical simulation, it is better to introduce an error correction coefficient into the Goldak double ellipsoidal heat source model expression. And, heat flux distribution parameter should get higher value for the higher power density welding methods.     

熔化焊焊接热源模型及其发展趋势

为了更好地推动焊接数值模拟技术尤其是焊接热源模型技术的发展,全面分析和总结了现有的熔化焊焊接热源模型.通过分析总结熔化焊焊接热源模型的特点,首先给出了焊接热源模型的定义,并进而提出了将焊接热源模型分类为静态焊接热源模型和动态焊接热源模型.在此研究基础上,对现有的熔化焊焊接热源模型进行了分类.根据分类的结果,并结合当前焊接热源模型的实践,分析和总结了焊接热源模型的发展特点及其发展趋势.分析结果表明,建立一个动态焊接热源模型需要研究三要素,即空间分布形式、热流分布模式及该两要素随时间的变化规律.并且复合焊接热源模型和动态焊接热源模型将是焊接热源模型技术的主要发展方向.     

弧焊变压器谐波研究

在对弧焊变压器进行理论分析的基础上建立了综合励磁支路非线性、磁滞、涡流损耗和漏电感等因素的变压器通用模型。根据弧焊变压器磁滞回线的测试结果，对弧焊变压器的稳态谐波电流进行计算，结果表明弧焊变压器空载谐波电流的主要成分为三次谐波。针对这一结果，提出抑止谐波污染的措施。     

基于独立分量分析的点焊特征声音信号提取

采用独立分量分析的方法和传感器阵列技术对点焊声音信号进行了研究,建立了点焊声音信号独立分量分析算法.采用8个传声器阵列,同时对点焊过程中的声音信号进行了测量,获得了比单传感器丰富的点焊信息.计算了这些声音信号的峰度系数,确认其为非高斯型,满足独立分量分析的要求,并对其进行独立分量分析.结果表明,基于FastICA算法的独立分量分析可以从叠加噪声中分离出点焊过程信号源,且效果明显,为深入分析点焊过程提供了一个新的技术手段,并且该算法可以应用于其它焊接方法中.     

水蒸气等离子弧电极烧损机理的研究

从电弧机理和实验分析的角度对水蒸气等离子弧电极烧损机理进行了探讨，并在深入分析电极烧损机理的基础上，提出了一种能有效提高电极寿命的方法，从而为水蒸气等离子弧的应用开辟了新的途径。     

深冷处理提高镀锌钢板点焊电极寿命的机理

为了提高镀锌钢板点焊电极寿命，作者提出了镀锌钢板点焊电极的深冷处理方法。采用不同深冷处理工艺参数处理了点焊镀锌钢板的Cr—Zr—Cu合金电极，用这些电极进行了镀锌钢板点焊电极寿命试验并与未深冷处理的电极寿命进行了比较。用扫描电子显微镜对深冷处理电极进行了背散射及面扫描分析，用X射线衍射法观测了深冷处理前后的电极晶粒度，测试了电极在深冷处理前后的电阻率。通过对深冷电极微观结构的观测及电极性能的测试，探讨了深冷处理提高镀锌钢板点焊电极寿命的机理。研究结果表明，深冷处理提高了镀锌钢板点焊电极基体的致密性，改变了合金元素的分布，细化了电极材料的晶粒，提高了镀锌钢板点焊电极的导电、导热能力及电极抗压渍变形的能力，从而提高了镀锌钢板点焊电极的寿命。     

中厚板熔化极气体保护焊的数值模拟及实验验证

在建立中厚板GMAW温度场数值仿真模型的基础上,用ANSYS进行了数值模拟,并通过红外热像仪进行了实验验证。实验结果与模拟结果对比分析表明,温度场热循环曲线的形状、峰值温度及加热速度比较接近实测数值,冷却区段偏差稍大,证明所建立的数值仿真模型可以较好地模拟中厚板GMAW的温度场,为应力应变分析等其他焊接过程的数值分析打下了良好的基础。     

等离子弧焊中小孔检测的研究

在小孔等离子弧熔透焊接中，利用等离子云电压能够检测小孔的成形。本文首次应用等离子鞘层理论，指出尾焰电压和等离子云电压的本质特点，提出计算尾焰电压和等离子云电压公式。为用简单方法检测小孔成形奠定了基础。