Inhibitory effect of Cr（Ⅵ） on activities of soil enzymes

To evaluate the influence of various Cr(VI) concentrations (0.05, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 g/kg) on the activity of soil enzymes, the activities of catalase, polyphenol oxidase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase in soils were investigated in the incubation experiment with a period of 35 d. The results indicate that all the tested Cr(VI) concentrations significantly inhibit dehydrogenase activity by over 70% after 35 d. The activity of alkaline phosphatase is slightly inhibited during the whole experiment except for on the day 7. Cr(VI) has no obvious effect on the activity of catalase in soil. On the contrary, Cr(VI) stimulates the activity of polyphenol oxidase. The results suggest that dehydrogenase activity can be used as an indicator for assessing the severity of chromium pollution. Foundation item: Projects(2006AA06Z374, 2007AA021304) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China; Project(2008SK2007) supported by the Key Program of Science and Technology of Hunan Province, China     

长石溶解-沉淀的热力学和动力学特征及其对储层物性的影响——以渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷沙三段为例

长石溶解及其次生孔隙的形成对砂岩储层质量具有重要影响。为了研究渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷有利孔隙发育带,利用长石溶解-沉淀的热力学和动力学计算,结合薄片分析、孔隙度和渗透率资料,开展了对沙三段长石次生孔隙发育的研究。结果显示,现今的地层水多有利于长石沉淀,部分区域发生长石溶解。结合孔隙度平面分布图和镜下薄片分析可知:孔隙度发育较好的区域主要是钾长石发生溶解,钙长石ΔG<-15 kJ/mol溶解速率较快和钠长石ΔG<15 kJ/mol沉淀速率较慢的区域。此外,粘土矿物(高岭石等)在长石溶解形成的次生孔隙中的沉淀,降低了储层的渗透率;且在埋深超过3 000 m的区域,地层水中的SiO₂(aq)沉淀速率的显著加快降低了储层孔隙度。综上:埋藏环境中,长石的溶解对于次生孔隙的贡献十分重要,但是如果其副产物未发生迁移则对次生孔隙的贡献较小,并且较高的粘土矿物含量会降低储层的渗透率。本文对于利用热力学和动力学模型预测储层发育提供了新的方法。     

融合开放与传统实践教学管理模式的研究

当前,高校的实践教学管理普遍存在传统的相对集中和开放两种实践教学管理模式,它们各自存在优缺点,而且具有一定的互补性。提出探索建立一种全新的、相对独立的实验教学管理模式,以实现传统与开放二者间的优势互补,进而推动高校实践教学质量的进一步提高。     

关于工程公司走向国际市场的几点思考

介绍了国内工程公司向国际市场开拓过程中,应引起重视的一些问题及解决方法。     

Selective leaching of chromium-containing slag by HCl

A batch of column experiments was carried out to investigate the change of Cr（Ⅵ） concentration leached out from chromium-containing slag with HCI as leaching agent, and to study influences of pH, ratio of solid mass to solution volume, flow velocity and temperature on Cr（Ⅵ） leaching. The optimal parameters were obtained for Cr（Ⅵ） leaching and a fitting model was established to describe the procedure of Cr（Ⅵ） leaching. The results show that Cr（Ⅵ） concentration in leachate increases with decreasing pH and increasing flow velocity and temperature. Moreover, Cr（Ⅵ） leaching percentage increases with increasing ratio of solid mass to solution volume. The optimal parameters for Cr（Ⅵ） selective leaching are as follows： pH=3.0, 1：5 of ratio of solid mass to solution volume, 180 mL/min of flow velocity and 40 ℃ of temperature. The procedure of Cr（Ⅵ） leaching fits well with the model： v= 1.87t^-0.54, indicating that the leaching rate of Cr（Ⅵ） declines in an exponential order of-0.54.     

结构式团体心理治疗在精神分裂症康复期的应用研究

目的：研究结构式团体心理治疗对康复期精神分裂症患者整体社会功能的影响。方法将120例康复期精神分裂症患者按简单随机方法分成2组,每组60例。研究组在原有药物治疗及康复训练基础上实施结构式团体心理治疗,每周1次,每次1 h,共10次;对照组则维持原有药物治疗及康复训练。分别在治疗前后及随访12周时,使用住院慢性精神病患者社会功能评定量表（SSSI）、自尊量表（SES）、自我和谐量表（SCCS）进行评估。结果研究组治疗后 SES 总分高于治疗前,SSSI、SCCS 总分低于治疗前（均 P ＜0．05）。对照组治疗后 SES 总分低于治疗前（P ＜0．05）,而治疗前后 SSSI 和 SCCS 总分差异无统计学意义（均 P ＞0．05）。2组治疗后 SSSI、SES、SCCS总分差异均有统计学意义（均 P ＜0．05）。研究组12周随访时与治疗后 SSSI、SES、SCCS 总分比较差异均无统计学意义（均 P ＞0．05）。结论结构式团体心理治疗可以明显改善康复期精神分裂症患者的社会功能,且治疗效果相对稳定、持久。     

Spatial distribution of chromium in soils contaminated by chromium-containing slag

To evaluate the metal chromium (Cr) contamination of soil at a chromium-containing slag site by ferrochromium production, the contaminated sites, under slag heap, in the vicinity of slag heap and arable soils near the outlet of sewer channel, and unpolluted site 5 km away from one ferroalloy plant in Hunan Province, China, were selected. The concentrations of total Cr and water soluble Cr in bulk soil samples and profile depth samples were determined. The results show that the soils in the vicinity of slag heap have the highest total Cr content followed by the soils under the slag heap and near the outlet of sewer channel of the factory. The mean concentrations of total Cr in the top soils at above three contaminated locations exceed the critical level of Secondary Environmental Quality Standard for Soil in China by 3.5, 5.4 and 1.8 times. In most Cr polluted soils, total Cr has a relative accumulation in soil depth of 40-60 cm, but this trend is not found in unpolluted soils. The average concentrations of water soluble Cr (Ⅵ) in top soils under slag heap and in the vicinity of slag heap are 176.9 times and 52.7 times higher than that in the uncontaminated soils, respectively. However, water soluble Cr (Ⅵ) contents in soils near sewer channel are all low and the values are close to that in the uncontaminated soils. Although water soluble Cr (Ⅵ) content in soil profiles decreases with soil depths, it in soils under slag heap maintains a high level even at a depth of 100-150 cm. The results imply that the transportation of Cr (Ⅵ) can result in a potential risk of groundwater system in this area.     

变压器屏蔽对开关电源电磁干扰(EMI)影响的分析

从变压器屏蔽对电源的EMI的作用入手，分析了屏蔽所影响的EMI的特性和传输路径，并通过仿真研究了屏蔽层对变压器损耗的影响。最后给出了一个改变屏蔽以简化变压器的制造的例子。     

遥控器漫谈

现今遥控器以各种形式或载体走进了千家万户,每个家庭都拥有若干类型的家电,相应遥控器就有一大堆,经常在使用中便会出现遥控故障。本刊2007年第一