基于高速动态的颗粒气泡脱附过程动力学研究

通过颗粒气泡脱附高速动态测试系统，研究了颗粒气泡脱附过程动力学。运用Image-Pro Plus图像处理软件测量颗粒气泡间接触角、三相润湿周边，计算颗粒气泡间毛细黏附力随颗粒运动时间的变化。结果表明：颗粒从气泡表面脱附主要分为气泡拉伸变形接触角增大和气泡滑动三相润湿周边减小两个阶段。气泡拉伸阶段，三相润湿周边固定在颗粒表面，接触角由平衡接触角增大到前进接触角；气泡滑动阶段，接触角保持不变，三相润湿周边滑动减小。毛细黏附力在气泡脱附过程中随接触角增大而增大，随三相润湿周边滑动而减小，当外力超过颗粒气泡间临界黏附力时，颗粒从气泡表面脱附。     

不同品种砂梨多酚氧化酶改善夏暑宜红茶的理化品质

为了提高夏暑宜红茶品质,采用金水1号、丰水、黄花和鄂梨2号砂梨品种的多酚氧化酶促进红茶发酵,并比较分析不同处理所制样品的感官得分、色泽品质、理化成分和香气组分,结果表明:不同来源的PPO的动力学曲线差异较大,丰水和金水1号砂梨品种的PPO活力较强,分别在3 min和5 min时达到了最大反应速率,可以与红茶发酵初期PPO活性较低形成互补,促进了夏暑宜红茶发酵。金水1号砂梨多酚氧化酶处理所制的夏暑宜红茶感官得分最高(84.05),与对照相比,干茶亮度显著上升(p0.01),茶汤色相值提高了12.00%,理化成分中的茶黄素、茶红素和可溶性糖含量也明显升高(p0.01),香气组分中的苯乙醛、反-反-2,4-庚二烯醛、藏红花醛、橙花醇、顺氧芳樟醇、β-紫罗酮、反-香叶基丙酮、α-古巴烯等组分也有所增加,综上试验结果,采用金水1号砂梨的多酚氧化酶促进红茶发酵,可以作为一种提高夏暑宜红茶品质的有效技术手段。     

Effect of CaO on the optical quality and microstructure of transparent MgO·1.5Al2O3 spinel ceramics prepared by reactive sintering

Transparent MgO·1.5Al₂O₃ spinel ceramics were successfully prepared via reactive sintering of Al₂O₃ and MgO raw powders followed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) using CaO as the sintering additive. The effects of CaO on the densification process, microstructure and optical quality of samples were investigated. It was found that the amount of CaO played an important role in the sintering process. By adding 0.05?wt% CaO, the sample with high transmittance (82.3% at 400?nm), small grain size (<5?μm) and high strength (228?±?15?MPa) was obtained after HIPing at 1550?°C. However, when the amount of CaO increased to 0.1?wt%, non-cubic and columnar-shaped grains generated at low HIP temperatures (1550–1650?°C), which severely reduced the optical quality of resulting samples. The grains were calcium aluminates, whose formation was closely related to the molar ratio of Al₂O₃/MgO, CaO amount and sintereing temperature.     

Designing amino-based ionic liquids for improved carbon capture: One amine binds two CO2

Generally, amine group captures CO₂ according to 2:1 or 1:1 stoichiometry. Here, we report a kind of improved carbon capture using amino-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) through 1:2 stoichiometry. A serial of amino-functionalized ILs various with basicity and steric hindrance of anion were designed, prepared, and applied in CO₂ capture. Through a combination of absorption experiment, quantum chemical calculation, spectroscopic investigation and calorimetric method, the results indicated that one amine group could bind two CO₂ through proton transfer (PT) process and intramolecular hydrogen bond formation, which leading to enhanced capacity that breaks through equimolar. The basicity and steric hindrance of anion play a significant role in promoting amine group to capture two CO₂. [P₆₆₆₁₄]₂[Asp] with dual anion was further designed and synthesized to promote PT process, which showed high capacity of 1.96 mol/mol IL at 30°C and 1 atm as well as excellent reversibility. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 230–238, 2019     

Experimental and Modeling Studies on the Chemical Vapor Infiltration with Respect to the Effects of Thermal Gradient and Other Operating Parameters

Effects of operating parameters in the thermal gradient chemical vapor infiltration of propane such as thermal gradient, diffusion, infiltrations time, and concentration of propane were studied by focusing on the visualizations of the intrinsic effects of these parameters. A uniform deposition in the preform was obtained with a gradually increasing temperature along the gas flow. The uniformity of deposition through the preform got improved with increasing deposition time. Results of numerical modeling estimated the experimental data very well when the pre-exponential factor of the overall rate of carbon deposition from propane reported by Vaidyaraman[1] was multiplied by 4. The average density of a preform increased by about 3 times from 0.38 to 1.15 g/cm3 after 60 hr deposition with a thermal gradient under the conditions of 3% propane in nitrogen and 840 to 900 ℃.     

依托"大数据行业应用"虚拟教研室培养跨学科人才

在实施国家大数据战略和创新型国家建设的引导下,培养跨学科思维与能力是创新型人才培养的核心要求.大数据是一个典型的学科交叉的技术,资源分散是当前高校大数据人才培养存在的主要问题.该文以长沙理工大学"大数据行业应用"虚拟教研室建设为例,打造"大数据"特色跨学科跨专业教学组织,从课程体系、实践环节、师资队伍、质量监督等方面提出建设措施,为培养跨学科创新型复合型人才提供参考.     

音圈电机结构优化及应用综述

音圈电机是一种不需要任何机械传动环节,就可以将电能转化为直线运动机械能的直线电机.由于具有结构简单、体积小、响应速度快、定位精度高、易于控制等优点,音圈电机广泛应用于国民经济的诸多领域.该文首先简述音圈电机的理论基础,阐述音圈电机的工作原理、结构分类以及各结构的特点;然后,结合国内外学者对音圈电机的结构优化,对音圈电机提高力常数和定位精度的方法进行归纳总结;最后,对音圈电机的主要应用领域进行综述,并对其发展趋势和研究热点进行讨论和展望.     

Cold sintered,temperature-stable CaSnSiO5-K2MoO4 composite microwave ceramics and its prototype microstrip patch antenna

Dense (1-x)wt%CaSnSiO₅-xwt%K₂MoO₄ (CSSO-KMO) composite ceramics were fabricated by the cold sintering process at 180 °C under 400 MPa for 60 min. X-ray diffraction, Energy dispersive X-ray and Raman spectroscopy confirmed that CSSO and KMO coexisted without intermediate phases. As KMO weight fraction increased, relative permittivity (ε_r) and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ_f) decreased and the microwave quality factor (Q×f, where f is resonant frequency) increased. Near-zero τ_f (-0.5 ppm/°C) was obtained for 65 wt%CSSO-35 wt%KMO with ε_r ～ 9.2 and Q×f ～ 6240 GHz. No chemical reaction between ceramic composites and silver was observed, demonstrating potential for cofiring with Ag-paste. A prototype antenna was fabricated from 65 wt%CSSO-35 wt%KMO composite ceramic with a bandwidth of 144 MHz @ -10 dB, a gain of 5.7 dBi and a total efficiency of 88.4 % at 5.2 GHz, suitable for 5 G mobile communication systems.     

天然橡胶中蛋白质的研究进展

天然橡胶中含有很大数量的蛋白质,文章从蛋白质在天然胶乳中的生理作用,蛋白质对天然橡胶性能的影响及蛋白质脱除技术三个方面简述了天然橡胶中蛋白质的研究现状。