我国煤矿防灭火技术的最新发展及应用

介绍了我国近年来开发、研究成功的矿井防灭火技术与手段,同时对其适用性进行了阐述,供有关单位参考并正确选用。     

Computer simulation of combustion of mine fires

According to control theories, mine fires can be considered as an unsteady process after the normal ventilation system is disturbed. Applied the principal of physical chemistry and thermal fluid mechanics, the parameters models of the unsteady state system have been given, such as fuel combustion rate, heat of combustion, concentration, temperature, heat losses, heat resistance, work of expansion and heat pressure difference. The results of the calculation agree approximately with the results of the test. By the computer simulation, it is shown that the main factor of producing the throttling effect is the fire rate, second is the heat resistance and the heat pressure difference. The rate of heat flow that passes through the airway wall is the maximum on the surface, and decrease with time. The heat transfer progresses only within the range of 0..5 m away from theairway wall during combus-tion for 2 hours. It‘s variable for the mass flux rate and the percentage concentration of the gas along the airway of the downstream. When the delayed time is very small, the varidtion can be neglected. Viscosity resistance is the main part of the heat resistance, second is the expansion resistance that is less than tens Pascal when Mach number is very small. Work of expansion is principally tumed into heat losses, only a very small part is consumed by the work of the heat resistance and the inertia acceleration.     

预报煤矿自然发火的束管监测系统

介绍了新开发的ＫＨＹ－３型隔爆式束管监测系统预报自然发火的原理及适用范围。该系统安装于井下采区内，可单独采样分析，也可与矿井环境监测系统联网运行，适于我国大、中、小型煤矿作自然发火预报。     

化学灭火添加剂的灭火有效性实验研究

通过大量的实验及查阅相关的国外文献资料,对化学添加剂的灭火机理及其灭火性能进行了研究,研究的对象分为两类：一类是易溶于水的碱金属盐,主要是研究其作为化学添加剂添加在细水雾中的灭火效果;另一类是含铁、锌、锰等元素的高效化学灭火物质,研究其作为化学添加剂添加到其它气态灭火介质如二氧化碳、氮气中的灭火效果．同时作者通过实验重点论证了灭火添加剂的优化配比、极限性和提高其灭火效能的途径等问题,也讨论了灭火添加剂与其它灭火介质之间的相互作用关系,为研制新型清洁、经济、高效的灭火剂奠定了基础。     

GM(1,1)模型在高冒区遗煤自燃释放CO量预测中的应用

高冒区由于遗煤自燃而成为内因火灾重要危险源之一。判定高冒区遗煤自燃的重要指标是释放的CO量。但是高冒区由于密闭严实,其内部遗煤自燃所释放的CO量人工测定比较困难,所以有必要选择一种模型对其进行预测。将采用灰色系统理论中的GM(1,1)模型,结合平煤十三矿11111巷道高冒区遗煤自燃氧化CO量变化值,说明建模过程。并将其应用于实际CO预测中,为煤矿做出正确决策提供科学依据。     

New processing method for fire forecast parameters

The time forecast system of coal spontaneous combustion was described based on the K J-90 mine environmental monitoring system in Hulipo Mine, Luzhou, Sichuan Province. In the system, CO and O2 sensor are added, and special-purpose microcomputer and software are equipped. By means of the system, the fluctuation laws of fire forecast parameters were observed in the process of coal-cutting, blast, exogenous mine fire and working face air quantity variation. This paper puts forward data processing method based on the Raita method.     

管道内瓦斯非均匀预混火焰传播特性实验研究

在实际矿井下,瓦斯泄漏后往往在巷道密闭空间内形成分层的、含体积分数梯度的甲烷-空气混合物。目前,国内外研究大多集中在均匀预混瓦斯爆炸火焰传播特性方面。为探究非均匀预混瓦斯爆炸火焰传播特性,通过自主搭建的小尺寸爆炸实验平台,对比研究了管道内甲烷不同自由扩散时间下,甲烷沿管道体积分数梯度分布及非均匀预混甲烷/空气爆炸火焰传播特性。实验通过浓度传感器、高速摄像机、压力传感器获取不同工况下非均匀甲烷爆炸过程中的甲烷体积分数分布、火焰传播结构、甲烷爆炸超压等数据,并进一步分析得出火焰传播速度、爆炸压升曲线等。结果表明:甲烷在管道内泄漏后,受浮力作用沿管道顶部横向传播,同时受体积分数差向底部纵向扩散,形成横向及纵向的体积分数梯度场,且自由扩散时间越短,体积分数梯度越大。体积分数梯度场对管道内非均匀甲烷爆炸火焰传播结构与爆炸超压有显著影响。甲烷体积分数梯度场下形成的非均匀预混火焰在管道内传播经历球形、指形、三重火焰、拉伸三重火焰4个阶段。当甲烷沿管道形成纵向体积分数梯度时,管道内出现三重火焰,且体积分数梯度越大,三重火焰结构愈发明显,三重火焰形态出现后,火焰传播速度、爆炸超压迅速下降,管道内甲烷纵向...     

水雾对钻孔瓦斯爆炸火焰的抑制效果研究

利用自行研制的钻孔瓦斯气体燃烧受限空间与水喷雾系统,对细水雾抑制瓦斯爆炸火焰的效果进行了实验研究。结果表明:水雾对气体爆炸火焰的抑制效果与雾通量、雾动量和雾滴粒径有关。雾滴粒径越小,灭火时间越短。喷雾压力越大,灭火效果也越强。其中喷头IV的灭火效果最佳,当压力为2.0 MPa,不到6 s就可以将火焰完全熄灭。