基于BP神经网络的铀尾矿砂氡射气系数预测

以中国南方某铀尾矿砂为研究对象,在实测150组不同环境温度、湿度和尾矿砂粒径下的射气系数数据的基础上,基于BP神经网络预测理论,将环境温度、湿度和尾矿砂粒径作为BP神经网络的输入元,射气系数作为输出元,建立了颗粒堆积型介质射气系数的BP神经网络预测模型。将130组实测数据作为预测模型的训练样本,经过7 974次训练后精度满足要求,训练后的预测模型所得射气系数预测值与实测值的最大相对误差为2.68%,利用颗粒堆积型介质射气系数的BP神经网络预测模型得到的预测值与实测值吻合较好,预测模型可用于分析环境温度、湿度和介质粒径对颗粒堆积型介质射气系数的影响规律。     

基于Burgers模型的软土桩基长期沉降计算方法

软土桩基础的沉降可能会持续几十年,其长期沉降计算一直困扰着广大岩土工程技术人员。笔者基于Burgers模型,建立了桩身和桩端的黏-弹性荷载传递模型,并以此为基础,考虑群桩效应,建立了桩-土-承台变形耦合的软土桩基长期沉降计算模型,并编制了计算程序CLPS。该计算方法能够计算多层软土桩基的长期沉降,而且适用于刚性承台和柔性承台桩基的长期沉降。使用该方法对2处软土桩基进行了长期沉降计算。结果表明该方法计算结果与实测值较为接近,两者最大相差不超过18.8%,最小仅为4.6%;与三维有限元计算结果非常接近,两者最大相差不超过6.7%,且该方法计算效率远高于有限元分析方法。     

增强型预应力管桩荷载沉降特性及模拟分析

为研究增强型预应力管桩的竖向承载特性,将其纵向凸肋按截面积计入桩体刚度,而环向凸肋对桩侧土的作用通过桩肋侧阻提高系数来反映;基于双曲线模型的荷载传递法,对外径相同的普通光圆型预应力管桩与增强型预应力管桩的模拟计算结果和现场静载荷试验结果进行对比分析,并采用该方法分析了环向凸肋部外径、环向凸肋间距和环向凸肋下部宽度等桩型参数对增强型预应力管桩荷载-沉降曲线的影响。结果表明:计算得到的增强型预应力管桩的极限承载力值和沉降值与实测值均比较接近,普通光圆型预应力管桩计算的极限承载力值较接近实测值,但沉降值较实测值偏小。为获得较好的承载性能,环向凸肋厚t与桩体外径D p的比值应控制在0.15~0.2;环向凸肋间距L w应不大于1.5m;环向凸肋下部宽度L3w应不大于4t。     

水浸颗粒堆积型射气介质氡析出规律的理论研究

铀尾矿库和地表浸铀铀矿堆是一种颗粒堆积型射气介质,其水位的变化和覆水厚度对氡迁移与析出的影响不容忽视。为揭示这类介质表面氡析出的规律,本文基于菲克定律和气液两相界面氡的传输理论,建立了水浸颗粒堆积型射气介质氡的一维传输-扩散数学模型,并获得稳态条件下气液两相体系中氡浓度分布的解析解和氡析出率的计算公式。通过研究,获得以下结论：1）水位为0 m时,颗粒堆积型射气介质表面氡析出率随介质厚度的增大而增大,其增长率随厚度的增大而减小;2）介质表面氡析出率随水位的增大先增大后减小;3）当水体高度大于射气介质厚度时,覆水表面氡析出率随覆水厚度的增大而减小,随覆水氡扩散系数的增大而增大。     

铀尾砂膏体充填材料的流动性能研究

对不同灰砂比、膏体浓度、减水剂含量的铀尾砂膏体充填材料进行了坍落度试验和粘度试验, 并结合CFD方法对铀尾砂膏体充填材料流动性能进行了数值模拟研究。试验结果表明, 铀尾砂膏体充填材料满足管道输送的最优配比为:质量浓度75%、灰砂配比1∶5、减水剂含量0.6%~4.4%; 最优配比下屈服应力53.96~131.38 Pa, 塑性粘度0.866~1.325 Pa·s。数值模拟结果表明, 铀尾砂膏体充填材料的管道阻力损失随质量浓度增加呈非线性增大, 随流速增加呈线性增大, 随管径增加呈非线性减小, 随管道弯曲半径增加呈非线性减小。     

A computational method for post-construction settlement of high-speed railway bridge pile foundation considering soil creep effect

Based on reasonable assumptions that simplified the calculational model,a simple and practical method was proposed to calculate the post-construction settlement of high-speed railway bridge pile foundation by using the Mesri creep model to describe the soil characteristics and the Mindlin-Geddes method considering pile diameter to calculate the vertical additional stress of pile bottom.A program named CPPS was designed for this method to calculate the post-construction settlement of a high-speed railway bridge pile foundation.The result indicates that the post-construction settlement in 100 years meets the requirements of the engineering specifications,and in the first two decades,the post-construction settlement is about 80% of its total settlement,while the settlement in the rest eighty years tends to be stable.Compared with the measured settlement after laying railway tracks,the calculational result is closed to that of the measured,and the results are conservative with a high computational accuracy.It is noted that the method can be used to calculate the post-construction settlement for the preliminary design of high-speed railway bridge pile foundation.