改进的激光陀螺热致零偏补偿算法研究

针对现有的激光陀螺热致零偏补偿方法在精度方面存在不足的问题,设计了一种在神经网络基础上改进的热致零偏补偿算法,利用神经网络求取更加准确的热拟合系数,从而有效抑制热致零偏对激光陀螺的影响;文中建立了两种激光陀螺的温度补偿模型:常规零偏温度补偿简化模型和一种改进的神经网络模型,并根据建立的两种模型进行了仿真研究;通过与常规的零偏补偿方法的仿真结果比较可知,改进的热致零偏算法在精度上有了显著的提高,具有良好的工程使用价值。     

融合邻域自适应跟随的群集系统分群控制方法研究

分群运动表征为有序运动的群体在外部信息作用下自发分裂为多个独立子群的现象。针对传统基于避撞、组队和聚集行为的群集运动控制方法难于实现分群运动的问题,提出一种融合了邻域自适应跟随行为的分群控制方法。该方法引入了基于序参量的邻域自适应跟随行为,实现了外部信息作用下群体的自组织分群运动。仿真实验验证了所提分群控制方法的可行性和有效性。     

自主水下航行体落点精度评估方法

针对自主水下航行体(AUV)落点精度的评估问题,结合其一般难以组织大量全航程试验的工程实际,提出了在AUV进行弹道折合的情况下一种新的序贯评估方案,对在引入弹道折合误差后对双方的风险(犯2类错误的概率)造成一定的影响进行了分析.该方法可以在AUV不进行全航程试射的条件下对其落点精度进行评估,减少了试验成本.仿真算例表明,论文提出的方法简捷有效,在工程实践中具有较好的实用价值.     

洋流影响下基于运动矢径的AUV协同定位方法

针对水下自主航行器（AUV）协同定位受水下未知定常洋流影响的问题,给出一种洋流影响下基于运动矢径的AUV协同定位方法.利用AUV的运动学方程和基于运动矢径的量测方程,建立AUV的导航模型;通过扩展的卡尔曼滤波,设计了协同定位滤波算法;利用该算法对洋流速度进行估计,以补偿AUV定位误差.仿真结果表明,该算法能有效估计未知定常洋流速度的大小,并对AUV定位误差进行实时补偿,显著提高了AUV的定位精度.     

一种基于无迹卡尔曼滤波的UUV协同定位方法

多水下无人航行器(multi-UUV)协同定位技术是解决海洋中间层水下导航定位问题的重要途径,针对以往multi-UUV仅靠距离量测的协同导航定位精度低的问题,给出了一种基于无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)方法的UUV协同定位方法。利用从UUV的运动学方程和基于距离的量测方程建立了从UUV的导航模型,针对该非线性导航模型,采用UKF设计了导航滤波算法,避免了对非线性方程的线性化处理,实现了递推导航滤波算法,并与传统的航位推算方法进行了仿真对比。仿真结果表明,从UUV能够利用该导航滤波算法进行实时定位,比传统的航位推算方法具有更高的定位精度。     

一种基于量测伪距的EKF移动长基线AUV协同导航方法

在移动长基线(MLBL)定位中,由于水声信号在水中传播速度较慢,以及被定位AUV的白身运动,导致AUV与不同浮标的距离是在不同时间不同位置测量产生的,所以应用移动长基线会产生一定的时间延迟定位误差.本文针对该定位误差,提出了一种基于量测伪距的EKF移动长基线时间延迟算法,该算法利用扩展Kalman滤波,通过对AUV的位置状态的前推,重构了系统的量测方程,实现了量测方程同系统的量测量在时间上的一致性,有效地解决了时间延迟产生的误差.理论分析与仿真结果均表明,该方法可以显著提高导航定位精度.     

一种基于UKF的AUV移动声学网络协同导航方法

针对扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)在自主水下航行器(AUV)移动声学网络协同导航中,存在强非线性观测方程条件下线性化误差大、计算复杂等缺点,文章提出一种基于无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)的AUV移动声学网络协同导航方法.利用移动长基线原理和UKF方法,建立基于UKF的协同导航滤波算法,并通过仿真实验与传统的EKF协同导航算法进行对比.仿真结果表明,基于UKF的协同导航算法能明显减小导航定位误差,在导航精度上优于EKF方法,是AUV协同导航中一种更加简单有效的导航滤波方法.     

斜装激光陀螺石英加速度计标定算法研究

对斜装激光陀螺石英加速度计的标定算法进行了研究。在对斜装原理分析的基础上,分别建立了激光陀螺和石英加速度计的误差模型。基于大理石平板和速率转台,设计了基于最小二乘法的斜装标定算法。该算法省去了复杂的标定工装的设计环节,减少了误差积累,具有精度高,残差小,经济方便的优点。将该算法标定的误差参数在导航软件中进行补偿,激光陀螺精度优于0.05 (° )/h,石英加速度计精度优于5×10-5g0(g0=9.8 m/s2)的激光惯性测量装置,10 min静态导航精度优于10 m,6 min动态导航精度优于40 m。完全满足工程应用中对高精度激光惯性测量装置的参数分离要求。     

Research on feasibility of missile attitude control based on laser gyroscope

According to the disadvantages of traditional mechanical gyro inertial measurement unit(’IMU’) for steering system not being available for missile attitude control, a concept based on laser gyro IMU is proposed to realize navigation & positioning and attitude control. The concept will save three single-axis rate gyros compared with traditional missile attitude control system, and is available both for strapdown and platform inertial navigation systems. Firstly, this article analyzes the selection requirements of sensitive device for missile attitude control system, and then analyzes the feasibility of missile attitude control based on laser gyro theoretically, on this basis, from four aspects of error characteristics, anti-vibration characteristics, temperature characteristics and dynamic characteristics, validate the feasibility of the concept practically. Secondly according to the strict requirements of dynamic characteristics on attitude control system, a special design is made for gyro signal filtering used for attitude control. By changing the traditional high order FIR filter to adaptive filter and low order FIR filter, laser gyro’s signal phase delay is reduced. The delay time of theoretical design is 1.5 ms. Lastly, this design is validated through an angle vibration test, and test curve indicates that the dynamic characteristics of laser gyro completely meets the requirements of the attitude control system, and the maximum delay time is 1.6144 ms, which satisfies with the attitude update rate of 2 ms per frame. This concept can simplify the missile guidance system design, at the same time, it does not reduce missile guidance accuracy, and also provides reference for the broadening of the application of laser gyro.     

基于凸优化算法的无人水下航行器协同定位

In this paper, a cooperative localization algorithm for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) is proposed. A ``parallel" model is adopted to describe the cooperative localization problem instead of the traditional ``leader-follower" model, and a linear programming associated with convex optimization method is used to deal with the problem. After an unknown-but-bounded model for sensor noise is assumed, bearing and range measurements can be modeled as linear constraints on the configuration space of the AUVs. Merging these constraints induces a convex polyhedron representing the set of all configurations consistent with the sensor measurements. Estimates for the uncertainty in the position of a single AUV or the relative positions of two or more nodes can then be obtained by projecting this polyhedron onto appropriate subspaces of the configuration space. Two different optimization algorithms are given to recover the uncertainty region according to the number of the AUVs. Simulation results are presented for a typical localization example of the AUV formation. The results show that our positioning method offers a good localization accuracy, although a small number of low-cost sensors are needed for each vehicle, and this validates that it is an economical and practical positioning approach compared with the traditional approach.