加压下煤焦与水蒸汽气化反应的动力学研究

在填充床热天平反应器(PBBR)上,于9.8×10~4～24.5×10~4Pa和750～1000℃条件下进行了三种煤焦与水蒸汽的气化反应活性研究。结果表明:煤焦活性随原煤变质程度增加而降低;随着压力提高、煤焦的基碳转化率和比气化反应速率均增加;C_f—H_2O气化反应级数在0.23～0.33范围内;利用Arrhenius方程求得了反应活化能。     

天然气转换与旧管网的改造

阐述了沈阳市由人工煤气到天然气的转换对管网、储气罐、煤气表、灶具等产品的影响及其相应措施 (加湿、加臭等 )。论述了旧管网的改造手段—内插管、翻转内衬法、快速接头、不停气带压抢修等技术     

型煤催化气化活性研究

本文用管式反应器研究了五台气煤制成的型煤与ＣＯ２气化反应活性。结果表明：Ｎａ２ＣＯ３和Ｋ２ＣＯ３都显示了较好的催化作用，且Ｋ２ＣＯ３的作用优于Ｎａ２ＣＯ３。添加这两种催化剂能使气化速率提高，活化能降低。同时发现两种催化剂的添加量均存在一极限量。     

两步扩散模型对超临界CO2萃取丁香油的数值模拟

基于扩散模型方程和集总参数模型方程,首次建立了具有3个可调参数的两步扩散模型方程.该模型同时考虑固体颗粒内扩散阻力与内壁的阻力,能较好地描述超临界流体萃取过程.用两步扩散模型方程模拟了超临界CO<,2>萃取丁香油的动态过程,在实验温度与压力范围内模型计算值与实验数据的平均相对误差AARD在2.33%～19.48%之间,所有实验点的AARD为8.09%.而用扩散模型方程和集总参数模型方程模拟,所有实验点的AARD分别为17.51%和8.13%,表明两步扩散模型对于超临界CO<,2>萃取丁香油的传质过程的模拟效果优于扩散模型方程和集总参数模型方程.     

两步扩散模型对超临界CO2萃取丁香油的数值模拟

基于扩散模型方程和集总参数模型方程,首次建立了具有3个可调参数的两步扩散模型方程.该模型同时考虑固体颗粒内扩散阻力与内壁的阻力,能较好地描述超临界流体萃取过程.用两步扩散模型方程模拟了超临界CO<,2>萃取丁香油的动态过程,在实验温度与压力范围内模型计算值与实验数据的平均相对误差AARD在2.33%～19.48%之间,...     

Solubilities of Cimaterol and Mabuterol in SF-CO2

The solubilities of two β-agonists, cimaterol and mabuterol, in supercritical carbon dioxide (SF-CO2) were measured by a recirculating method at temperatures of 40℃ and 60℃ and pressures between 9 MPa to 49 MPa.The compounds exhibit very limited solubilities in the range of 10^-5 to 10^-7 (mole fraction). Cimaterol has a higher solubility than that of mabuterol. The experimental data of solubility were correlated by four density-based models.The correlation accuracy highly depends on the system investigated, which is mainly determined by the density ranges and temperature.     

条斑紫菜赤腐病的病原学研究

条斑紫菜是红藻门的代表性物种之一，具有重要的经济价值。但近年来，随着条斑紫菜栽培规模的持续扩大，病害发生的频率、规模和危害程度也逐年增加。本研究对紫菜腐霉的生长特性进行研究，发现其在温度28℃，盐度为20‰时生长速度最快。此外，对感染的叶片进行了病原学的研究。对条斑紫菜病害进行病原学和致病条件的研究，不仅可以为制定病害防治措施提供依据，而且也将为抗病品系的筛选提供条件。     

Reliability Allocation and Optimization of Engine System by Using Genetic Algorithm and Monte Carlo Method

A new reliability allocation model has been built for engine system, which is a repairable system, and consists of a large number of mechanical components. The cost and reliability are taken as objective function and constraint condition respectively. The parameters of components lifetime distribution are given as decision variables, and the component lifetimes are assumed to follow that Weibull distribution. The allocation is separated into two steps to reduce calculated amount of one allocation. Genetic algorithm and Monte Carlo method are applied to solve distribution parameters and system cost separately.     

大孔吸附树脂精制鱼腥草黄酮类化合物

Flavonoids are one main kind of effective components in Houttuynia cordata Thunb., which display a wide range of pharmacological activity. In this study supercritical fluid extraction （SFE） with carbon dioxide was first used as preparat ion step to remove the volatile components, which are also active components, from Hout-tuynia cordata Thunb. Then ultrasound-assisted extraction was used to obtain the crude flavonoids and the macro-porous resin adsorption technology was further employed to purify the flavonoids. Nine kinds of macroporous resins with different properties were tested through static adsorption, and one macroporous resin labeled as D101 was selected. The effect of several factors, such as the ratio of column height to diameter, initial concentration and pH, on both flavonoids yield and content were explored by dynamic adsorption to obtain reasonable conditions of adsorption and desorption. The experimental results show that the content of fiavonoids can be above 60% with fia- vonoids recovery of 93.3 % under the optimum conditions of purification. HPLC analysis of the final flavonoids product shows it contains quercitrin, hypefin, rutin and quercetin.     

超临界流体萃取脱除人参中痕量有机氯农药

The feasibility of removal of the organochlorine pesticides residues of hexachlorocyclohexane(BHC) from radix ginseng with supercritical CO2 was explored. Some factors, such as extraction pressure, extraction temperature, and kinds of co-solvents were investigated. The experimental results indicate that it is possible to reduce BHC residues in radix ginseng to the level of 0.1×10-6 with supercritical CO2 in the presence of suitable amount of co-solvent, such as water.