传统吉祥纹饰在针织毛绒复合地毯中的应用

采用文献资料法、案例分析法和生产实践,研究针织毛绒复合地毯对传统吉祥纹饰的传承与应用。根据传统吉祥纹饰的表现题材和寓意,概括出毛绒复合地毯图案多以植物花卉吉祥纹饰为主,几何纹饰为辅,主要分为写实性植物花卉、藤蔓类缠枝纹、宝相花3类,且传承了古典毛织地毯构图样式。在毛绒地毯的生产实践中,根据针织毛绒面料特点,针对针织毛绒地毯生产过程中花型受不同因素影响而变化的问题,总结出针织毛绒地毯图案设计要考虑外底无花纹部分面积的大小、边框线型、伸缩率、图案简洁等4个方面。     

"Weak" ultrasonic pre-treatment on anaerobic digestion of flocculated activated biosolids

This study examined how "weak" ultrasonic pre-treatment affects anaerobic digestion of waste biosolids, treated with a cationic polyelectrolyte flocculant. In relation to pre-treatment, the term "weak" used refers to the fact that the total ultrasonic energy input to biosolids is insufficient to fully disrupt its floc structure or the cell walls, as described in the literature. Methane production potential, floc characteristics (size, morphology and zeta-potential) and process parameters (chemical oxygen demands and oxidative-reductive potentials) were monitored, as the digestion was tested. The presence of polyelectrolyte flocculants enhanced methane production within 6 days of digestion (phase I), but inhibited the digestion thereafter (phase II). Following pre-treatment by sonication (0.33 W/mL, 20 min), the methane productions of both original and flocculated biosolids significantly increased. The underlying mechanisms of weak ultrasonic pre-treatment are discussed.     

Enhanced granulation by natural ionic polymer additives in UASB reactor treating low-strength wastewater

Effect of natural ionic polymer additives on granulation in lab-scale UASB reactors treating low-strength synthetic wastewater (COD 750-850 mg/L) was examined. The organic loading rate was 1.477+/-0.118 kgCOD/m3/day. Under identical conditions four similar reactors were operated in parallel with the following additives: control with no additive, anionic part of Reetha (Sapindus trifoliata) extract, cationic part of Reetha extract, and Chitosan. By the end of the study period, Chitosan as an additive produced largest granules with mean size of 0.15 mm closely followed by the cationic fraction of the Reetha extract with mean size of 0.144 mm, and anionic fractions of the Reetha extract with 0.139 mm. Control reactor with no additives had the smallest size granules with mean size of 0.128 mm. The fraction of granules in the sludge bed of size >0.1 mm showed similar trend. The largest granule size observed in the reactors with additives was 4-5mm as compared to 2 mm in the control reactor. Cationic polymers were more effective additives for enhancing sludge granulation. Exo-cellular protein, lipid, sugar and total polymer increased with granulation in the reactors. A COD removal efficiency of 95-98% was achieved in all the reactors.     

Recent water quality trends in the Schuylkill River,Pennsylvania, USA: a preliminary assessment of the relative influences of climate,river discharge and suburban development

Climate, flow rate and land use are all known drivers of water quality in river systems, but determining the relative influences of these factors remains a significant challenge for aquatic science and management. Long-term data from the Schuylkill River at Philadelphia is assessed here in an attempt to ascertain the separate and combined influence of these major drivers on water quality in a developed watershed. Water quality measures including nutrients, conservative solutes and bacteria all elicited distinct seasonal patterns driven primarily by river discharge. Mass transport rates of sodium and chloride have increased with time, and were elevated in winter, presumably as a function of road salt deposition. A steady increase in developed land area in the watershed has occurred in recent decades, which allowed the use of time as a surrogate parameter for regional development in the construction of multiple factor linear models predicting the relative influences of precipitation, river discharge and developed land area on river water quality. Linear models predicting annually averaged water quality measures showed the effects of precipitation, discharge and developed land area to be of nearly equal importance in regulating levels of conductivity, alkalinity, sodium, and chloride in the river. Models predicting water quality variables for discrete samples demonstrated that river flow was the major determinant of daily variability in alkalinity, conductivity, hardness and calcium levels, while still resolving the highly significant influence of watershed development on water quality. Increases in solute transport in the Schuylkill River in recent decades appear to be the direct result of modern suburban development in the watershed.     

Measurement and scaling of air-surface mercury exchange from substrates in the vicinity of two Nevada gold mines

The state of Nevada has extensive mineral resources, and is the largest producer of gold in the USA as well as fourth in world gold production. Mercury (Hg) is often present in the hydrothermal systems that produce gold deposits, and can be found in elevated concentrations in gold ore. As a result, mining of gold ore in Nevada has been shown to release Hg to the atmosphere from point and non-point sources. This project focused on measurement of air-soil Hg exchange associated with undisturbed soils and bedrock outcrops in the vicinity of two large gold mines. Field and laboratory data collected were used to identify the important variables controlling Hg flux from these surfaces, and to estimate a net flux from the areas adjacent to the active mines as well as that occurring from the mined area pre-disturbance. Mean daily flux by substrate type ranged from 9 ng m^− 2 day^− 1 to 140 ng m^− 2 day^− 1. Periods of net deposition of elemental Hg were observed when air masses originating from a mine site moved over sampling locations. Based on these observations and measured soil Hg concentrations we suggest that emissions from point and non-point sources at the mines are a source of Hg to the surrounding substrates with the amount deposited not being of an environmental concern but of interest mainly with respect to the cycling of atmospheric elemental Hg. Observations indicate that while some component of the deposited Hg is sequestered in the soil, this Hg is gradually released back to the atmosphere over time. Estimated pre-disturbance emissions from the current mine footprints based on field data were 0.1 and 1.7 kg yr^− 1, compared to that estimated for the current non-point mining sources of 19 and 109 kg yr^− 1, respectively.     

Particle size distribution and atmospheric metals measurements in a rural area in the South Eastern USA

Atmospheric particle mass concentrations were measured at a site adjacent to Lake Hartwell, GA, during six dry sampling events in February-March 2003. The overall average PM2.5 mass concentration was 9.5 microg/m3 and the overall average total suspended particles mass concentration was 19.1 microg/m3. Particulate matter was collected on a deposition plate mounted onto a specially designed wind vane and was subsequently analyzed to determine the particle size distribution. The average geometric particle diameter was found to be 2.8 microm. Particulate matter collected was found to be closely approximately at log-normal distribution, with a count median diameter of 1.5 mum and a geometric standard deviation of 1.8. Individual metal concentrations present in airborne particulate matter were determined for cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, and zinc using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis of samples collected on Teflon filters. Ambient metal concentrations were found to range from 0.8 ng/m3 for cadmium to 512 ng/m3 for iron. The dry deposition flux of metals was estimated to be in the range of 0.17 mg/(m2 year) for cadmium to 102 mg/(m2 year) for iron. More samples need to be collected and analyzed, both temporally and spatially, in order to establish atmospheric metals fluxes onto surfaces.     

镁合金汽车轮毂挤压成形工艺分析及其数值模拟

传统镁合金汽车轮毂多为压铸生产,但压铸工艺成本昂贵,并且铸件具有先天性的缺陷。针对镁合金热塑性好的特点,提出了热挤压工艺来进行镁合金轮毂的成形。根据轮毂结构设计了两种挤压成形方案及其模具结构。通过Deform-3D平台对不同挤压方案进行热挤压成形数值模拟与优选。最终经实验试制证明了所选挤压方案切实可行。     

彩瓷纹饰在现代纺织品中的应用

研究了青花瓷、斗彩、五彩、珐琅彩和粉彩瓷器的工艺艺术,介绍了彩瓷与非彩瓷的渊源。通过对蕴涵某一朝代政治、经济、文化、科技等代表性瓷器纹饰的深刻领悟,采用直接应用或提取重构,根据织物配色原理、织物组织结构及其肌理视觉原理,化繁为简设计出反映现代文化元素、工艺技术及符合市场需求的各种纹饰,将其应用于纺织品以承载和传承华夏文明。     

绝不扰人清梦 选一款静音键盘

又到九月，莘莘学子又回到了学校刻苦用功读书。在宿舍这样的同一空间里面。也许你需要挑灯夜读进行论文赶稿。又或是跟好友通宵对战进行网络竞技。无论如何，你的舍友都不希望那噼里啪啦的键盘敲击声会到打扰他们的美梦。那为自己挑选一款静音键盘吧。静音键盘为什么静音？它们在结构、用料等又有什么特别之处呢？消费者该如何去挑选一款静音的键盘呢？本文将为你一一解答。     

Single crystal silicon nanopillars, nanoneedles and nanoblades with precise positioning for massively parallel nanoscale device integration

Arrays of precisely positioned single crystal silicon nanopillars, nanoneedles, and nanoblades with minimum feature sizes as small as 30 nm are fabricated using entirely scalable top-down fabrication techniques. Using the same scalable technologies, devices consisting of electrically connected silicon nanopillars with multiple addressable electrodes for each nanostructure are realized. The arrays of nanopillars, nanoneedles, and nanoblades are shown to exhibit Raman signal enhancement on 1,2-benzenedithiol monolayers, opening a path to nanodevices that manipulate, position, detect and analyze molecules.