咖啡豆之软罐头新包装

今天,包装生产遇到的一个最大的挑战就是,在竞争激烈的市场中,维系安全的同时获得更高的生产效率。生产商和供应商正携手寻求人体工程学的解决方案。     

Wind effects of parapets on low buildings: Part 1. Basic aerodynamics and local loads

This is the first paper in a series on the effects of parapets on the wind-induced loads on low buildings. Part 1 focuses on the basic aerodynamic effects of parapets and the local (components and cladding) loads. Wind tunnel data were obtained from about 700 pressure taps in the area of a corner panel of 3.7 m×7.6 m (equivalent full-scale dimensions) for several parapet heights and configurations. Significant downward loads were observed which exceed code values for all parapet heights. This may be significant when combined with other loads (such as snow or water). It was also found that parapets alter the suction loads on the roof by changing the location of the corner vortex relative to the roof, for continuous perimetric parapets, and the type of vortex formed, for isolated (single wall) parapets. In the ASCE-defined interior region, the measured coefficients for component and cladding loads exceed those in the code for all parapets and areas examined. For the edge zone, the experimental coefficients for areas less than 1 m² exceed the code values (except for tall perimetric parapets). However, it was found that the component and cladding loads in the ASCE 7 adequately envelope the uplift caused by perimetric parapets in the corner zone for H=4.6 m, but not for isolated parapets, in particular for areas less than 1 m². It was also discussed that the ASCE 7 will be unconservative for larger eaves heights since H² is the correct normalizing factor for roof areas beneath the separated flow. Furthermore, the use of edge zone coefficients in the corner zone for h ?0.9 m should be changed to h/(H+h)?0.23 in the ASCE 7.     

Is cluster policy useful for the energy sector? Assessing self-declared hydrogen clusters in the Netherlands

Research on science-based industries has shown that it is important for organisations to be active in interorganisational networks. Cluster policy has been developed as a means to stimulate the development of these networks and thereby the success rate of these industries. Cluster policy is however not a common policy instrument in the energy sector. In this paper, we focus on three self-declared clusters active in hydrogen-related R&D in the Netherlands and address several characteristics of these clusters. We conclude that cluster policy is a useful addition to existing energy R&D policies but that monitoring whether self-declared clusters actually function as clusters and what their contribution is to the overall system is pivotal in reaping the benefits of cluster policy.     

Wind effects of parapets on low buildings: Part 2. Structural loads

The present paper, Part 2 in a four part series, focuses on the effects of solid, perimetric parapets on the wind-induced structural loads on low-rise buildings. Roof and wall pressures were measured at more than 500 locations simultaneously for five parapet heights (h=0, 0.46, 0.9, 1.8 and 2.7 m in equivalent full-scale dimensions) and three building heights (H=4.6, 9.1 and 18.3 m) with plan dimensions 31.1 by 61.6 m and a on 12 gable roof slope. The data were obtained in simulated open country and suburban terrain conditions, at a scale of 1:100, in a boundary layer wind tunnel. It was observed that the distance from the eaves edge to the reattachment point for winds normal to the wall increases from x/H∼0.4 for h/(H+h)=0 to x/H=1.8 for h/(H+h)=0.23. While mean and fluctuating point pressure distributions tend to decrease in magnitude with h, the increased areas of separated flow lead to increased loads for interior frames with the taller parapets.     

Image processing techniques for 3-D chromosome analysis

3-D karyotype analysis is developing rapidly due to the availability of confocal microscopes and CCD video cameras, and the development of 3-D processing techniques. Here, image enhancement and visualization techniques specifically designed for 3-D karyotype analysis are described. To facilitate a good comparison between the different techniques, the same 3-D image, obtained with a confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM), of a mitotic prophase nucleus of a root-tip cell of Crepis capillaris was used throughout. Besides well-known stereoscopic presentation, another means of improving depth perception is shown, i.e. a solid modelling algorithm, which simulates the process of fluorescence. An interactive routine to dissect objects in the image is presented as an alternative for automated segmentation algorithms, which cannot be applied to closely apposed or merging objects. As an example of a convenient way to reduce the vast amount of data (2 Mbyte per image), a partly automated 3-D cursor is presented in detail. This cursor is used to trace the central axes of chromosomes and record them as strings of Cartesian coordinates. The advantages of a computer graphics display, which facilitates real-time rotation and hence is a powerful tool in studying 3-D features of chromosomes, are also shown.     

A spectroscopic scanning electron microscope design

This paper describes a proposal to improve the design of scanning electron microscopes (SEMs). The design is based upon using an SEM column similar to the conventional one, magnetic sector plates and a mixed field immersion objective lens. The optical axis of the SEM column lies in the horizontal direction and the primary beam is turned through 90 degrees before it reaches the specimen. This arrangement allows for the efficient collection, detection and spectral analysis of the scattered electrons on a hemispherical surface that is located well away from the rest of the SEM column. The proposed SEM design can also be easily extended to incorporate time multiplexed columns and multi-column arrays.     

An improved falling-film reactor for viscous liquids

This paper presents the design of a sulfonation reactor that is intended for enhanced performance when the viscosity of the liquid phase increases, thus reducing gas-liquid transfer rates. The proposed design allows adequate transfer rates to be maintained by progressively increasing the shear stress exerted by the gas over the liquid film. The effectiveness of the design has been tested in runs in which dodecylbenzene and lauryl alcohol 1.80E are sulfonated/sulfated.     

当冰激凌爱上椭圆桶

去年,Wells’Dairy改用一种膜内贴标的聚丙烯容器让Blue Bunny成为美国上升势头最猛的冰激凌。爱荷华州Le Mars市的Wells’Dairy公司为其Blue Bunny品牌冰激凌所做的向一种新型包装转变的举措,帮助该品牌成为全国增长最快的冰激凌。新包装由特殊的冷冻级PP树脂注塑成型、采用膜内贴标(IML)的椭圆形聚丙烯容器。     

The development of a finger joint phantom for the optical simulation of early inflammatory rheumatic changes

A series of 5-aminomethinimino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid phenylamides 4 has been prepared by condensation of 5-amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid phenylamides 1 with trichloroacetic aldehyde. Alcoholysis of trichloro derivatives 2 gave 5-alkoxymethine derivatives 3 which, on reaction with an appropriate amine, formed the corresponding compounds 4. The compounds obtained were evaluated for their immunological activity. The properties of three compounds, described in this report, permitted inhibition of the immune response in all possible ways: diminishing both types of immune response (4d), humoral immune response (4a), or cellular immune response (4c). Preparation 4d is comparable in its effectiveness to CsA, so it may be potentially used as an agent for prolongation of the function of transplanted organs. Two other compounds may potentially be used in cases where only one type the immune response is required for combating pathogen invasion.