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1.
Because of its ability to change optical absorption dynamically by applied electric field, nickel oxide (NiO) is a promising anodic material in smart windows, which can improve energy conversion efficiency in construction buildings. Although many works have achieved high electrochromic performance with different method. The underlying mechanism is still not fully investigated. In this article, we prepared the NiO films with large specific surface area and high stability by electron beam evaporation. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to figure out the surface morphology and composition of as-deposited films. Afterwards, the electrochemical properties and optical performance of the prepared NiO films were investigated. On this basis, the origin of surface charge was fully analyzed by cyclic voltammetry and diffusion coefficient test. These experimental and theoretical results firmly confirm that both the surface reaction and capacitive effect bring about the excellent EC performance in NiO films. These results not only provide clear evidence about electrochemical kinetics in NiO films, but also offer some useful guidelines for the design of EC materials with higher performance and longer stability. 相似文献
2.
推导陈垃圾在滚筒筛中的运动方程并求数值解,按最大位置角将陈垃圾运动模式划分成滚落、抛落、圆周运动,给出不同筛筒转速、半径、动摩擦因数下的运动模式判别云图. 滚筒筛试验结果显示,陈垃圾运动的最大位置角随转速的升高先增大后不变,转速超过50 r/min后垃圾进行圆周运动. 陈垃圾滚筒筛的筛分效率随转速增大呈先升后降的趋势,随抛落差的增大呈持续上升的趋势,随着原料水的质量分数的增加呈下降的趋势. 基于试验结果,给出滚筒筛最优转速取值云图,在实际工程中可根据垃圾动摩擦因数及滚筒半径选择最优转速,同时减小水的质量分数以提高筛分效率. 相似文献
3.
为了提高渐开线齿廓谐波齿轮的啮合性能,利用柔轮装配变形的包络精确算法获得了设计截面内共轭齿廓离散点,基于渐开线特征对共轭齿廓离散点拟合,得出刚轮渐开线齿廓.考虑柔轮锥度变形的影响,建立了侧隙优化控制模型,对不同径向位移下柔轮截面的变位系数进行了优化.部分柔轮截面在减小齿廓工作段高的基础上再选择合理变位系数,设计出满足空间啮合要求的渐开线齿廓谐波齿轮,并通过运动仿真分析对设计结果进行了验证.结果表明,相对于设计截面,最大径向位移增大的截面通过减小变位系数可避免干涉,最大径向位移减小的截面通过增大变位系数可获得良好啮合性能;变位系数调整量与该截面至设计截面间的距离成近似线性关系.对最大径向位移减小幅度较大而引起干涉的柔轮后端截面,需减小柔轮齿高并合理改变变位系数,才可获得良好的啮合性能.相比平面齿廓,所设计的空间齿廓能增大啮合区间和齿廓接触面积,较大幅度提升传动性能. 相似文献
4.
旨在确定全钒液流电池(VRB)储能系统(ESS)的最佳配置,以应对主动配电网(ADN)中风力发电的集成。相应地,提出了一种考虑储能的动态效率和寿命的电池储能系统优化配置方法。与以前的研究不同,所提出的储能优化配置方法中考虑了VRB的动态效率和寿命。此外,该方法综合考虑了风电消纳、减少负荷中断、减少温室气体排放、网损、VRB ESS的投资成本等综合收益,以经济指标用于评估VRB ESS的渗透率,设计的VRB ESS可以使得ADN的经济性达到最佳。最后,通过改进的IEEE 33节点系统对提出的电池储能系统优化配置方法进行了验证。测试结果证明了所提方法的正确性并分析了主动配电网的潮流运行特性。 相似文献
5.
基于道南细孔-介电DSPM-DE模型,开展了工业含盐废水多级纳滤分离系统的代理模型构建与优化研究。首先,利用高维模型表征的数学建模方法,构建与原有纳滤理论模型有高拟合度的高精度代理模型。基于此代理模型,进一步构建膜法分盐工艺中的多级纳滤分离的数学优化模型,并以分离单位质量NaCl的比能耗为优化目标,讨论在给定设计参数的条件下进料液中[Cl-]/[ ]的变化对不同级数纳滤系统的分盐性能及最优操作条件的影响。优化结果显示,进料[Cl-]/[ ]的增加有利于提高NaCl总回收率和降低分盐比能耗。在相同的纳滤膜投资成本下,双级系统在降低能耗方面更胜一筹,与单级系统相比最高可节能5.84%。 相似文献
6.
Matrix Manipulation of Directly-Synthesized PbS Quantum Dot Inks Enabled by Coordination Engineering
Fei Li Yang Liu Guozheng Shi Wei Chen Renjun Guo Dong Liu Yaohong Zhang Yongjie Wang Xing Meng Xuliang Zhang You Lv Wei Deng Qing Zhang Yao Shi Yifan Chen Kai Wang Qing Shen Zeke Liu Peter Müller-Buschbaum Wanli Ma 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(45):2104457
The direct-synthesis of conductive PbS quantum dot (QD) ink is facile, scalable, and low-cost, boosting the future commercialization of optoelectronics based on colloidal QDs. However, manipulating the QD matrix structures still is a challenge, which limits the corresponding QD solar cell performance. Here, for the first time a coordination-engineering strategy to finely adjust the matrix thickness around the QDs is presented, in which halogen salts are introduced into the reaction to convert the excessive insulating lead iodide into soluble iodoplumbate species. As a result, the obtained QD film exhibits shrunk insulating shells, leading to higher charge carrier transport and superior surface passivation compared to the control devices. A significantly improved power-conversion efficiency from 10.52% to 12.12% can be achieved after the matrix engineering. Therefore, the work shows high significance in promoting the practical application of directly synthesized PbS QD inks in large-area low-cost optoelectronic devices. 相似文献
7.
为延长带鱼鱼丸保质期,以带鱼鱼丸为原料,分别在250、300、350 MPa压力下处理5 min,以冷藏期间鱼丸菌落总数、总挥发性盐基氮(total volatile base nitrogen,TVB-N)含量、pH值为指标,并结合感官评价、色值、凝胶强度及质地剖面分析,探究超高压处理对冷藏带鱼鱼丸保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:超高压处理可显著降低贮藏期内鱼丸菌落总数、TVB-N含量,延缓pH值的增加;超高压处理对鱼丸色泽无负面影响,同时能较好保持鱼丸冷藏期间感官特性、色值、凝胶强度、硬度及弹性。对照组和超高压组鱼丸的菌落总数分别在冷藏的第21天和第56天超出105 CFU/g;随冷藏时间延长,对照组鱼丸感官评分明显下降,贮藏14 d后产生异味,第21天时感官已不可接受;超高压组鱼丸感官评分在贮藏35 d内均无明显变化,其中300 MPa处理5 min组在冷藏49 d后感官评分仍在5 分以上,但第56天时感官不可接受。综合考虑,对带鱼鱼丸进行300 MPa超高压处理5 min,可延长其冷藏货架期约35 d。该结果可以为超高压技术在鱼糜制品保鲜中的应用提供依据。 相似文献
8.
计算机图形学是计算机和多媒体技术等相关专业的一门重要的专业基础课程.由于其涵盖数学、物理、程序设计语言和算法等多方面的知识,导致课程的学习难度较大.同时,由于没有后续课程使用计算机图形学的知识,致使学生无法将图形学理论与实际应用较好的结合,从而影响计算机图形学的教学效果.为了使学生理解图形学相关算法及其应用场景,与游戏开发应用结合,探讨计算机图形学的课程建设. 相似文献
9.
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films are attracting famous applications in antistatic coating, energy storage and conversion, printed electronics, and biomedical fields due to their conductivity, optical transparency and flexibility. However, PEDOT:PSS has poor dispersion stability during long-term storage and transport. Moreover, the dried PEDOT:PSS films are insoluble in any solvent and cannot be redispersed again. In comparison to bake drying, here, a feasible strategy to achieve mechanically redispersed PEDOT:PSS with the help of freeze-drying process was reported. The redispersed PEDOT:PSS can recover not only the initial characters such as pH, chemical composition, viscosity, and particle size under similar solid contents, but also conductivity and surface morphology of treated films. In addition, the treated film exhibits self-healing properties similar to pristine film in terms of mechanical and electrical properties. This technology enables reuse and overcomes the technical problems of PEDOT:PSS dispersion, realizing real-time processing to meet variable applications. 相似文献
10.
Hao Chen Jie Xing Jingwen Xi Tao Pu Hong Liu Jianguo Zhu 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2021,104(12):6266-6276
The Ag-Pd internal electrode of multilayer piezoelectric ceramics needs to be sintered below 1000°C, and lead wires and components need to be welded with lead-free solder at 260°C. PNN–PMW–PZT–xSr piezoelectric ceramics with high Curie temperature (Tc > 260°C) were synthesized at a low sintering temperature (960°C) to meet the requirements of multilayer piezoelectric devices. The relationship between structures (phase, domain, and microstructures) and electrical properties (piezo/ferroelectric properties, and dielectric relaxation) in the Sr2+ substituted ceramics was investigated. Rietveld refinement and Raman spectra show that Sr2+ substitution can cause the phase change and increase the force constant of [BO6] octahedron. The piezoelectric response increases with increasing the content of the tetragonal phase (CTP) in the rhombohedral-tetragonal (R-T) coexisted ceramics. The ceramics with 0.6 mol% Sr2+ substitution have minimum activation energy for domain wall movement (Ea) of 0.0362 eV which favors the formation of nanometer-sized domains, and possess excellent electrical properties (d33 = 623 pC/N, d33* =783 pm/V, Tc =295°C). The higher the CTP, the lower the Ea. The lower Ea favors the rotation of polarization direction and extension, and is beneficial to the generation of the nanometer-size domains, resulting in high piezoelectric properties. 相似文献