Leaching kinetics of low grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system

The leaching kinetics of low grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system was studied. The effects of ore particle size,reaction temperature and the sum concentration of ammonium ion and ammonia on the leaching efficiency of zinc were examined.The leaching kinetics of low-grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system follows the kinetic law of shrinking-core model. The results show that diffusion through the inert particle pores is the leaching kinetics rate controlling step. The calculated apparent activation energy of the process is about 7.057kJ/mol. The leaching efficiency of zinc is 92.1% under the conditions of ore particle size of 69μm, holding at 80℃ for 60min, sum ammonia concentration of 7.5mol/L, the molar ratio of ammonium to ammonia being 2:1, and the ratio (g/mL) of solid to liquid being 1:10.     

Leaching kinetics of low grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system

The leaching kinetics of low grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system was studied. The effects of ore particle size, reaction temperature and the sum concentration of ammonium ion and ammonia on the leaching efficiency of zinc were examined. The leaching kinetics of low-grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system follows the kinetic law of shrinking-core model. The results show that diffusion through the inert particle pores is the leaching kinetics rate controlling step. The calculated apparent activation energy of the process is about 7.057 kJ/mol. The leaching efficiency of zinc is 92.1% under the conditions of ore particle size of 69μm, holding at 80℃ for 60 min, sum ammonia concentration of 7.5 mol/L, the molar ratio of ammonium to ammonia being 2：1, and the ratio （g/mL） of solid to liquid being 1：10.     

一种再生铅低温清洁冶金的绿色工艺

提出了一种低温、低碳、无二氧化硫烟气排放、清洁环保的绿色再生铅冶金新工艺。该工艺以纯碱为熔盐介质,含铅次氧化锌烟灰为固硫剂,以焦粉为还原剂,在800～900℃还原固硫熔炼废铅酸蓄电池胶泥生产粗铅,同时以合格的硫化锌精矿回收锌。在理论分析的基础上,考察了熔炼温度、纯碱用量、氧化锌和焦粉用量对金属铅回收率及固硫率的影响。结果表明,在880℃、纯碱与固体物的质量比为2.84、氧化锌用量为理论量的1.1倍、焦粉与胶泥的质量比为16%的优化条件下,铅直收率为96.64%,总回收率为98.06%,94.70%的元素硫被氧化锌固定。     

怎样做好烟囱避雷

由我单位承建的石家庄职业技术学院锅炉房工程,砖烟囱高40m,其顶部环境恶劣,避雷针易受化学物质侵蚀。如按照通常作法,采用镀锌圆钢或镀锌钢管做避雷针,一两年后,针尖部位易生锈,使导电性能降低。对此,我们采取了改进作法:针尖采用(?)32圆柱,长200mm,一端磨尖,然后作     

从高酸浸出锌渣中回收银研究

针对某锌冶炼厂高酸浸出渣含银高的特点,采用硫酸化焙烧—水浸脱锌铁—氯化浸银—冷却结晶PbCl2—铅片置换沉银工艺,对高酸浸出锌渣进行了回收银研究。结果表明,锌和铁的浸出率分别达到92.66%和94.67%,浸出液返回炼锌主流程生产电锌;银和铅的浸出率分别达到94.17%和97.89%;用铅片置换得到粗银粉,银置换率达到99%以上。     

高碳镍钼矿碱性还原熔炼-水浸分离与提取镍钼

在理论分析的基础上,以贵州遵义镍钼矿为原料,提出了镍钼矿碱性还原熔炼?水浸提钼的清洁冶金新工艺,考察了Na2CO3用量、温度、还原剂用量、反应时间对镍还原率及钼浸出率的影响,在最优条件下进行了扩大实验. 结果表明,在碱性介质及强还原气氛下,镍钼矿中的镍被还原成高品位镍铁合金,钼转化为可溶性的钼酸盐;最佳工艺条件为Na2CO3用量为理论量的2倍、熔炼温度1000℃、还原剂添加量为镍钼矿的5wt%、反应时间1.5 h. 最佳条件下扩大实验金属镍回收率为94.92%,金属钼挥发率为9.36%,浸出率为99.94%,固硫率接近100%,得到了高品位镍铁合金和含钼浸出液,镍钼有效分离.     

从高酸浸出锌渣回收银

本文针对某锌冶炼厂高酸浸出渣含银高的特点,采用硫酸化焙烧-水浸脱锌铁-氯化浸银-冷却结晶PbCl2-铅片置换沉银的工艺,对高酸浸出渣开展了回收银的研究。结果表明,锌和铁的浸出率分别达到92．66％和94．67％,浸出液返回炼锌主流程生产电锌;银和铅的浸出率分别达到94．17％和97．89％;用铅片置换得到粗银粉,银置换率达到99%以上。     

Zinc removal from hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance biomass

Leaching of heavy metals from Sedum alfredii Hance biomass was studied with ammonia-ammonium chloride solution as leaching agent. The research was carried out in two phases: 1) a leaching study to determine the zinc extraction efficiency of this leaching agent, and 2) a thermodynamic analysis to identify the likely reactions and stable Zn(II) species formed in the leaching systems. Taguchi orthogonal experiment, with four variable parameters, leaching temperature, molar ratio of NH₄Cl to NH_3, leaching time and solid-to-liquid(L/S) ratio, and each at three levels, was used to optimize the experiment parameters by the analysis of variances. The results indicate that leaching temperature has the most dominant effect on metal extraction performance, followed by molar ratio of NH₄Cl to NH₃, solid-to-liquid ratio and leaching time. The optimum condition was obtained as follows: temperature of 60°C, molecular ratio of NH₄Cl to NH₃ of 0.6, leaching time of 2 h and solid-to-liquid ratio of 5:1. The total zinc leaching efficiency under optimum conditions reaches 97.95%. The thermodynamic study indicates that the dominant species produced by the leaching process should be the soluble Zn(NH₃)₄₂⁺.     

从超富集植物Berkheya coddii中回收镍

提出了超富集植物的"焚烧→湿法提取与净化→电化学沉积/化学沉淀法→金属/化工产品"工艺.以镍的超富集植物Berkheya coddii为例,对该收扶物进行焚烧处理后,对焚烧产物进行氨法浸出,对浸出液进行一定处理后直接进行电积镍,最终得到高纯镍板(99.999%),该工艺既实现了对超富集植物收获物的去毒化处理,又实现了收获物中有价金属的回收.对于浸出实验,优化实验条件分别为:浸出温度60℃,氯化铵及氨水的摩尔比(n(NH4Cl):n(NH3))0.6,液固LL(L/S)5:1,浸出时间2 h;对于镍电积实验,优化实验条件为:p(Ni2+)浓度23 g/L,极距3.5 cm;电流密度200A/m2,温度40℃.     

Bi2S3-ZnO-Na2CO3体系热力学分析及应用

对Bi2S3-ZnO-Na2CO3低温熔盐体系进行热力学分析,计算了在700～1 500 K温度下体系中各反应的标准吉布斯自由能变化值(ΔG TΘ),并绘制了相应的ΔG TΘ—T图。热力学分析结果表明,在700～1 100 K温度范围内,Bi2S3中的Bi会被C还原成金属Bi进入金属相中,S将以ZnS形式进入固体物渣中。根据分析结果,在700～1 100 K温度下,以Na2CO3等钠盐为熔剂、ZnO为固硫剂、粉煤为还原剂,开展了验证试验。试验得到了直收率达98%的粗铋,S几乎100%以ZnS的形式固定在渣中,与热力学分析结果一致。