三种不同产地锆英砂的特征分析

利用震筛机、光学显微技术、激光粒度分析仪等实验手段,对两种进口及一种国产的锆英砂进行了粒度分析和形貌观察。结果表明:进口的锆英砂粒径分布集中,国产砂的粒径分布较宽,粒度曲线为正态分布。堆积密度随着锆英砂粒径的减小而下降。锆英砂呈鹅卵石、椭球和极少量的不规则形状。     

快速加热回火过程中9Ni钢组织的演化

采用淬火膨胀仪模拟了9Ni钢的快速加热回火工艺,并结合显微组织观察、淬火后残留奥氏体含量的计算以及回火过程中热膨胀曲线的分析,研究了9Ni钢快速加热回火过程中组织的演变行为。结果表明:淬火终冷温度略高于M_f点时,淬火组织中存在少量的残留奥氏体,经快速加热后能够促进回火过程中逆转变奥氏体的生成;但当终冷温度过高时,残留奥氏体量大幅增加,反而会抑制逆转变奥氏体的形成;快速加热有利于马氏体的逆转变及碳原子在奥氏体中的富集,但这两种机制存在竞争关系,快速加热回火后组织中的奥氏体较少时,碳原子的富集会使其稳定性上升,反之则导致碳原子在奥氏体中的富集程度减弱,稳定性变差。     

快速加热过程中Fe-40Ni-Ti合金的晶粒长大行为

利用热模拟技术、金相观察及定量统计,通过分析Fe-40Ni-Ti合金快速升温过程中试样不同部位的晶粒长大规律,模拟研究了焊接过程中奥氏体晶粒的长大行为.结果表明:温度最高的中心线附近晶粒长大显著,5 s内温度达到1350℃时,其尺寸达到了180 μm;而距离中心线4 mm处的热影响区及母材(试样端部)晶粒变化不大,在80 μm左右.金相观察发现TiN颗粒对晶界迁移产生了明显的阻碍作用.     

铌、钛碳氮化物在微合金钢中的回溶及析出行为

简述了钢中主要添加微合金元素Nb和Ti在钢坯加热过程中的回溶过程。阐明了钢板在轧制各阶段析出相的类型、晶体结构、分布规律,特别是应变诱导析出与再结晶的关系,同时,分析了时效硬化行为。讨论了微合金元素的选择及节约利用问题。     

微合金元素Nb,Mo在应变诱导析出过程中的相互作用

运用热模拟技术和透射电子显微镜,研究了C-Mo、C-Ti-Mo和C-Nb-Mo三种简单成分钢奥氏体变形后松弛过程中微合金元素Nb、Mo在析出物中的相瓦作用.结果表明:在850℃变形后松弛1000 s.三种钢均保持了奥氏体状态,但C-Ti-Mo和C-Nb-Mo钢有析出发生,能谱分析显示析出颗粒分别是Ti(C,N)和含Mo的Nb(C,N).微合金元素Mo与Nb有较强的相互作用,在Nb(C,N)析出后,Mo可能溶入Nb(C,N)的析出颗粒之中.     

超低碳微合金钢中硼的偏聚

用硼径迹显微照相技术研究了超低碳微合金钢从1150℃以5℃/s冷却到850℃过程中硼晶界偏聚的形成与发展过程,测量了不同温度时硼富集因子与贫化区宽度,分析了铜元素对硼晶界偏聚的影响.结果表明:在冷却初始阶段,晶界硼偏聚量迅速增加,在1000℃左右达到最大值后,随着温度的降低,硼晶界偏聚量开始逐渐减少,在910℃左右达到最小,温度继续降低,晶界上硼的偏聚量又开始增加.实验结果还表明添加铜元素能促进硼向晶界的偏聚.     

超细化针状铁素体/贝氏体组织的热稳定性

利用硬度测量和金相观察,研究了Mn-Mo-Nb-B超细化针状铁素体/贝氏体组织在500～700℃重新加热过程中组织的演化和性能。结果显示:实验轧制的超细化组织在再加热保温过程中硬度变化有起伏,在550和650℃保温情况下,硬度曲线出现双硬化峰现象;而在700℃保温时,只出现一个硬化峰。650℃保温20h时发现有再结晶发生,48h时大部分非平衡组织均转变为多边形铁素体组织;700℃保温48h的各个阶段组织演化速度明显加快,48h时,几乎完全由平行排列的多边形铁素体构成,原奥氏体晶界依然可见。同以往的研究结果相比,该实验轧制的超细化非平衡组织具有良好的热稳定性。     

Influence of RPC Parameters on the Precipitation of Nb in Microalloyed Steel

Thermo-simulation test, metallographic analysis, measurement of hardness, TEM(including diffraction contrast technique and nano-beam anylasis)along with calculating software of Metlab, etc. were used to study the influence of RPC parameters(relaxation time, aging time)on the precipitation of Nb in microalloyed steel. Following work was undertaken in this study:Strain-induced precipitation in Nb-bearing multi-microalloyed steel was monitered and analyzed. The interaction between dislocation evolution and precipitates in deformed austenite was directly observed(an Fe-Ni-Nb alloy was employed to simulate austenite in steel). The(a low carbon microalloyed steel only by Nb was adopted)effect of relaxation of deformed austenite on aging behavior occurring in bainite was investigated. Finally, the thermal stability and variation of composition of carbonitride precipitates during dissolving process in Nb-Ti microalloyed steel were alsodetected. These results indicate:(1)During the stress relaxation, the process of precipitation happened in deformed austenite of multi-microalloyed steel can be divided into three stages, i. e. nucleation, growth and coarsening. In the final stage of relaxation, Mo atoms would enter the lattice of(Nb,Ti)(C,N)precipitates and its concentration in the precipitates increases with the relaxation time.(2)In the earlier stage of relaxation, the dislocations in deformed austenite demonstrate twisted and distribute randomly. The precipitates have the tendency to occur along those dispersed dislocations. The dilocation cells would form gradually with the relaxing time prolonged and would become more stable by the subsequent precipitates formed on them in the later relaxation period. The paralleled dislocations in dislocation cells exhibit the same Burgers vector. The dislocations get rid of pinning by the bypassing mechanism.(3)When the samples are reheated to hold isothermally at 525℃,which are relaxed for different time in deformed austenite followed by accelerated cooling, their microstructures evolve very slowly with the aging time but two hardness peaks can be found one each hardness-time curves. The position of hardness peaks nearly raimains unchanged while their height varies obviously with the relaxation time. In no relaxtion samples, only one hardness peak could be observed. During the process of aging at 525℃, The growth and coarsening of as-existed strain-induced precipitates formed in deformed austenite contribute to formation of the first hardness peaks. While the second hardness peaks result from the further precipitates which nucleate in a phase after γ→α transformation(after aging for about 10 hours).(4)It was found that the precipitates formed during solidification are monophase(Ti,Nb)(C.N)rather than TiN enclosed with NbC. With addition of Ti to the steel, the thermal stability of the carbonitrides would enhance remarkably.     

Nb和Cu在低碳微合金钢回火过程中的析出行为

利用金相技术、硬度测量及透射电子显微术,研究了Nb钢及Nb-Cu钢在525℃回火过程中的析出行为.结果表明:两种实验钢在850℃奥氏体化淬火后,组织类型类似,525℃回火20h后,显微组织没有发生明显变化.Nb-Cu钢在回火的初始阶段硬度下降迅速,15min后硬度上升,90min左右到达峰值,Cu的析出快于Nb;而在随后的回火过程中因为Nb的析出导致硬度变化平缓.通过对比Nb钢的硬度曲线及透射电镜观察,认定ε-Cu的析出和NbC的析出是独立进行的,采用相同工艺回火的C-Mn钢硬度变化曲线进一步证实了这一点     

中碳25Mn钢低温韧化机制

为研究中碳25Mn钢的低温韧化机制，测定了其在不同温度下的冲击功，观察了冲击断口处的显微组织，并采用EBSD技术对组织中各相的构成及晶界组成进行了分析，进而讨论了实验钢在不同温度下的变形机制及其对韧性的影响，结果表明：室温时裂纹尖端区域主要通过TWIP机制实现韧化；随温度降低，裂纹尖端区域中的TRIP机制增强，这虽然能够缓解尖端的应力集中，但生成的马氏体会促进裂纹扩展，导致韧性降低；结果也证明，低温下断口附近的变形机制既有孪生也有滑移，位错的滑移易于诱发“slipping off”机制，这也会导致钢的韧性恶化。总体来看，实验钢的低温韧性主要取决于裂纹尖端较小范围内材料的变形机制，而TRIP机制的韧化效果低于TWIP机制。