针对汽车安全玻璃热穹成形的高温摩擦试验机研制与试验

针对汽车安全玻璃热弯成形过程中的摩擦行为,基于库伦摩擦定律设计测量不同温度状态下汽车安全玻璃与模具之间摩擦系数的高温摩擦试验机,并进行了性能验证.该摩擦试验机由高温加热装置、数据采集与处理系统、控制系统和机械加载装置等组成,并利用ANSYS Workbench有限元分析软件对关键结构部件的刚度和强度进行仿真校核.在机械加载装置施加载荷后,试验机通过贴在摩擦头上的应变片将摩擦力引起的弯曲应变转换为电信号,利用数据采集与处理系统将采集到的电信号进行处理与存储.利用该试验机对汽车安全玻璃在不同温度条件下与模具之间的摩擦行为进行研究.结果表明,摩擦系数随着成形温度的升高整体呈现增大趋势.当加热温度接近玻璃化转变温度时,玻璃接近高弹态区域,温度对摩擦系数的影响减小,增幅减小.试验机检测性能稳定,满足用于研究实际生产中汽车安全玻璃热弯成形摩擦问题的需求.     

海洋头足类墨黑色素的提取及生物活性研究进展

文章基于其分子结构及理化性质,比较不同方法分离纯化鱿鱼等海洋头足类动物的墨黑色素的特点,概述了墨黑色素的抗氧化、免疫调节、防辐射、抗病毒、螯合金属离子、抗肿瘤、器官保护、抗炎抗菌和DNA保护等生物活性,重点探讨了抗氧化、金属螯合、抗肿瘤和防辐射作用的特点及机制,展望了制备方式和生物活性的研究方向。     

Development and technical progress in large-scale circulating fluidized bed boiler in China

Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers has realized the clean and efficient utilization of inferior coal like gangue and coal slime, high sulfur coal, anthracite, petroleum coke, oil shale and other resources. As a country with the largest amount of CFB boilers and the largest installed capacity in the world, China has 440 100–600 MW_e CFB boilers with a total capacity of 82.29 GW_e, including 227 units of 135 MW_e, 95 units of 300 MW_e, and 24 supercritical units. The statistics of typical 100–300 MW_e CFB boilers showed that the average number of unplanned shut-down was only 0.37 times per year, among which the 135 MW_e was 0.26 times per year and 300 MW_e was 0.46 times per year. The auxiliary power ratio of some 300 MW_e CFB boilers based on flow-pattern reconstruction can be reduced to about 4%, which is closed to the same level of pulverized coal (PC) boilers. This paper summarizes the development process and application status of China’s large-scale CFB boilers, analyzes the characteristics and technical performance of the iconic units, and introduces solutions to the problems such as water wall wear and bottom ash cooling.     

黑根霉Q3Y在旱胁迫效应下的菌丝生长特性及糖化产物

选取产糖化酶较强和糖化能力较高的黑根霉（Rhizopus nigricans）Q3Y进行菌丝体的抗旱逆境液态发酵培养，分析了菌株Q3Y菌丝生长状况及菌丝对糯米的利用。结果表明，在土豆汁培养基中添加0.50%的琼脂，使其黏度达到500 mPa·s，黑根霉菌Q3Y在该培养基中菌丝生长状态良好，细胞分散均匀；在料水比为6∶10（g∶mL），含水量为62.5%糯米培养液中，黑根霉菌株Q3Y菌丝体能得到更好的生长，培养72 h还原糖、可溶性总糖及糖化酶酶活分别达到26 g/100mL、32 g/100mL、23.0 U/mL。     

我国预包装食品致敏原声称情况调查

目的 了解我国预包装食品标签中致敏原声称的使用情况,为修订《预包装食品标签通则》提供建议。方法 在全国各地大中型超市进行采样或拍照,收集预包装食品致敏原标签声称信息并录入Excel,对各类食品的致敏原声称使用情况进行统计。结果 共采集8 694份样品,致敏原标签的总体标识率为21.58%(1 876/8 694),其中焙烤食品含有致敏原声称的标识率最高(65.73%, 468/712)。各致敏原成分中,关于乳及乳制品致敏原的声称率最高(17.09%,1 486/8 694),使用“可能含有”“本生产线也生产”“本加工设备也生产”“本生产工厂也加工”等常用于表明存在交叉接触的预防性致敏原声称的频率较高,主要集中在焙烤食品、膨化食品、谷物及其制品等3类食品中。结论 我国预包装食品中使用食品致敏原声称的食品种类较多,致敏原声称的使用缺乏规范,个别食品类别使用预防性致敏原声称的频率较高。致敏原声称在食品产品中广泛使用,应将其作为我国致敏原标识管理的重点。     

Zn对Cu-Zn-Al催化乙酸甲酯加氢反应的影响

采用共沉淀法制备Cu-Zn-Al催化剂，采用XRD、N2等温吸附-脱附、SEM、H2-TPR、XPS和ICP-OES等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果发现，Zn的加入降低了Cu-Zn-Al催化剂颗粒的团聚程度，提高了活性中心Cu组分的分散度。并且Zn含量的改变可以影响Cu组分的价态分布，进而影响其催化性能。当n(Cu)/n(Zn)=2/3时，n(Cu+)/n(Cu0)为1.04，Cu-Zn-Al对乙酸甲酯(MA)加氢反应具有最优的催化性能。在反应温度为240 ℃、反应压力为3.0 MPa、n(H2)/n(MA)=20的最优条件下，Cu-Zn-Al催化乙酸甲酯反应中乙酸甲酯转化率为98.8%，甲醇和乙醇选择性分别为99.4%和98.7%。对Cu-Zn-Al催化剂进行300 h寿命测试，乙酸甲酯转化率一直稳定在98%以上，甲醇和乙醇选择性则分别保持在99%和98%左右。     

Distributionally robust optimization of home energy management system based on receding horizon optimization

This paper investigates the scheduling strategy of schedulable load in home energy management system (HEMS) under uncertain environment by proposing a distributionally robust optimization (DRO) method based on receding horizon optimization (RHO-DRO). First, the optimization model of HEMS, which contains uncertain variable outdoor temperature and hot water demand, is established and the scheduling problem is developed into a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) by using the DRO method based on the ambiguity sets of the probability distribution of uncertain variables. Combined with RHO, the MILP is solved in a rolling fashion using the latest update data related to uncertain variables. The simulation results demonstrate that the scheduling results are robust under uncertain environment while satisfying all operating constraints with little violation of user thermal comfort. Furthermore, compared with the robust optimization (RO) method, the RHO-DRO method proposed in this paper has a lower conservation and can save more electricity for users.