一种适用于乒乓球机械臂的固定时间梯形加速度轨迹规划方法

针对当前常见的轨迹规划方法存在的电机利用率低、规划成功率较低的问题,提出了一种适用于乒乓球机械臂的固定时间梯形加速度轨迹规划方法。该轨迹规划方法具有连续的加速度和速度;与五次多项式规划相比,在相同的最大加速度、最大速度和Jerk值限制下,规划成功率从72.3%提高到93.7%。详细介绍了轨迹规划的方法,最后通过实验验证了算法的跟踪效果。     

三手指空间手爪基于抓握力的模糊自适应控制

针对空间手爪在抓握目标物体的过程中,因接触碰撞而产生的扰动力可能会造成机械臂抖动和初始位姿改变,甚至将目标物体弹出捕获区,造成捕获失败的问题,提出了基于抓握力的模糊自适应控制策略,以削弱在抓握过程中因接触碰撞产生的扰动力,减小对机械臂造成的扰动。首先介绍了哈尔滨工业大学(HIT)自行研制的三手指空间手爪,对其抓握过程和接触碰撞进行了分析,提出一种柔顺控制策略,设计了基于抓握力的模糊自适应控制器。通过模糊控制器实时地调整控制参数,不仅可使系统稳定,而且具有良好的动态品质;控制器中的滑模控制还可以增强系统的鲁棒性。采用HIT在轨自维护机械臂在空间微重力运动平台上进行了抓握实验,实验结果表明设计的控制器和提出的抓握策略能够有效削弱抓握过程中的扰动力。     

冗余度机器人扩展雅克比方法的应用研究

采用基于所提出的连续比例因子的梯度投影法,利用模糊推理规则动态求解了多性能指标融合中的权系数,对卫星在轨自维护系统的冗余度机器人推拉帆板作业进行了数值仿真计算。所得到的结果与采用固定比例因子的梯度投影法进行了比较,指出了采用固定比例因子方法的不足之处。实验结果验证了所提出的连续比例因子方法的可行性,为冗余自由度机器人的逆运动学解法提供了新思路。     

Dynamic surface control-backstepping based impedance control for 5-DOF flexible joint robots

A new impedance controller based on the dynamic surface control-backstepping technique to actualize the anticipant dynamic relationship between the motion of end-effector and the external torques was presented. Comparing with the traditional backstepping method that has “explosion of terms” problem, the new proposed control system is a combination of the dynamic surface control technique and the backstepping. The dynamic surface control (DSC) technique can resolve the “explosion of terms” problem that is caused by differential coefficient calculation in the model, and the problem can bring a complexity that will cause the backstepping method hardly to be applied to the practical application, especially to the multi-joint robot. Finally, the validity of the method was proved in the laboratory environment that was set up on the 5-DOF (degree of freedom) flexible joint robot. Tracking errors of DSC-backstepping impedance control that were 2.0 and 1.5 mm are better than those of backstepping impedance control which were 3.5 and 2.5 mm in directions X, Y in free space, respectively. And the anticipant Cartesian impedance behavior and compliant behavior were achieved successfully as depicted theoretically.     

卫星在轨自维护地面平台自主操作

提出了一种应用于卫星在轨自维护平台的视觉自主操作策略,阐述了标定、识别、定位及视觉伺服等关键内容。针对太空中变化强烈的光照环境,采用合作目标的方式对物体进行识别,并对识别算法进行了特别的设计以适用于卫星有限的计算能力。为了提高合作目标三维空间定位的精度,采用了一种合作目标亚像素精度定位的方法,为视觉伺服进行精确的操作奠定了基础。实验结果证明了此视觉自主操作策略的可行性。     

具有谐波减速器的柔性关节参数辨识

为了辨识具有谐波减速器的柔性关节模型的关键参数,设计了一套基于多传感器融合的离线辨识方法,根据电机的位置传感器、电流传感器和关节力矩传感器的实验数据完成柔性关节模型关键参数的辨识.首先,建立采用谐波减速器柔轮输出的柔性关节模型;然后,使用正反转加载力矩的方法辨识出电机的力矩系数;并在空载的情况下,由关节力矩和电机输出力矩分别辨识出关节端和电机端的摩擦力;最后,采用敲击法初步辨识出关节的刚度和阻尼后,在关节位置受限条件下,逐渐增加电机输出力矩,得到柔性关节刚度和关节力矩的非线性关系.多次实验的结果显示,辨识出的参数具有较高的重复性,验证了该方法的有效性.     

Optimal measurement configurations for kinematic calibration of six-DOF serial robot

An optimal measurement pose number searching method was designed to improve the pose selection method. Several optimal robot measurement configurations were added to an initial pre-selected optimal configuration set to establish a new configuration set for robot calibration one by one. The root mean squares (RMS) of the errors of each end-effector poses after being calibrated by these configuration sets were calculated. The optimal number of the configuration set corresponding to the least RMS of pose error was then obtained. Calibration based on those poses selected by this algorithm can get higher end-effector accuracy, meanwhile consumes less time. An optimal pose set including optimal 25 measurement configurations is found during the simulation. Tracking errors after calibration by using these poses are 1.54, 1.61 and 0.86 mm, and better than those before calibration which are 7.79, 7.62 and 8.29 mm, even better than those calibrated by the random method which are 2.22, 2.35 and 1.69 mm in directions X, Y and Z, respectively.     

新型空间手爪的研制及其抓握研究

通过分析,手爪快速闭合和锁紧有利于减小位姿偏移;采用特殊材料和特殊处理、以及设计光滑外形可以防止由位姿偏移造成的不良定位的出现.在多次试验中,所采用的措施有效的防止不良定位的出现,手爪可以在较大位姿偏移情况下捕获MTS并锁紧在唯一位姿下,具有很高的重复精度.     

四自由度柔性关节机器臂残余振动的输入整形控制

以一种四自由度柔性关节机械臂为研究对象,针对不同关节的残余振动特点,提出传统输入整形技术IST（input shaping technique）与时变输入整形技术（TVIST）结合的方法抑制机械臂残余抖动,所采用TVIST方法只抑制振幅最大的频率极点,具有不需要系统精确模型,算法简单,易于实现等特点。采用Matlab和ADAMS虚拟样机联合仿真实现,仿真结果表明了所提出的输入整形方法在抑制此机械臂残余抖动上的有效性。     

基于单片机的智能微型五维力/力矩传感器的研究

以研制的机器人多指灵巧手微型五维指尖力／力矩传感器为基础,基于单片机ＡＴ８９Ｃ５２设计了高性能的数据采集系统和数据处理系统,实现了与主计算机的ＲＳ４２２串行通讯,从而构成了一套完整的智能化的五维力／力矩测量系统。