Study on the influence of three-grid assembly thermal deformation on breakdown times and an ion extraction process

In order to study the influence of three-grid assembly thermal deformation caused by heat accumulation on breakdown times and an ion extraction process,a hot gap test and a breakdown time test are carried out to obtain thermal deformation of the grids when the thruster is in 5 k W operation mode.Meanwhile,the fluid simulation method and particle-in-cell-Monte Carlo collision(PICMCC) method are adopted to simulate the ion extraction process according to the previous test results.The numerical calculation results are verified by the ion thruster performance test.The results show that after about 1.2 h operation,the hot gap between the screen grid and the accelerator grid reduce to 0.25–0.3 mm,while the hot gap between the accelerator grid and the decelerator grid increase from 1 mm to about 1.4 mm when the grids reach thermal equilibrium,and the hot gap is almost unchanged.In addition,the breakdown times experiment shows that 0.26 mm is the minimal safe hot gap for the grid assembly as the breakdown times improves significantly when the gap is smaller than this value.Fluid simulation results show that the plasma density of the screen grid is in the range 6?×10~(17)–6?×?10~(18) m~(13) and displays a parabolic characteristic,while the electron temperature gradually increases along the axial direction.The PIC-MCC results show that the current falling of an ion beam through a single aperture is significant.Meanwhile,the intercepted current of the accelerator grid and the decelerator grid both increase with the change in the hot gap.The ion beam current has optimal perveance status without thermal deformation,and the intercepted current of the accelerator grid and the decelerator grid are 3.65 m A and 6.26 m A,respectively.Furthermore,under the effect of thermal deformation,the ion beam current has over-perveance status,and the intercepted current of the accelerator grid and the decelerator grid are 10.46 m A and 18.24 m A,respectively.Performance test results indicate that the breakdown times increase obviously.The intercepted current of the accelerator grid and the decelerator grid increases to 13 m A and 16.5 m A,respectively,due to the change in the hot gap after 1.5 h operation.The numerical calculation results are well consistent with performance test results,and the error comes mainly from the test uncertainty of the hot gap.     

Study of the key factors affecting the triple grid lifetime of the LIPS-300 ion thruster

In order to ascertain the key factors affecting the lifetime of the triple grids in the LIPS-300 ion thruster,the thermal deformation,upstream ion density and component lifetime of the grids are simulated with finite element analysis,fluid simulation and charged-particle tracing simulation methods on the basis of a 1500 h short lifetime test.The key factor affecting the lifetime of the triple grids in the LIPS-300 ion thruster is obtained and analyzed through the test results.The results show that ion sputtering erosion of the grids in 5 kW operation mode is greater than in the case of 3 kW.In 5 kW mode,the decelerator grid shows the most serious corrosion,the accelerator grid shows moderate corrosion,and the screen grid shows the least amount of corrosion.With the serious corrosion of the grids in 5 kW operation mode,the intercept current of the acceleration and deceleration grids increases substantially.Meanwhile,the cold gap between the accelerator grid and the screen grid decreases from 1 mm to 0.7 mm,while the cold gap between the accelerator grid and the decelerator grid increases from 1 mm to 1.25 mm after 1500 h of thruster operation.At equilibrium temperature with 5 k W power,the finite element method(FEM)simulation results show that the hot gap between the screen grid and the accelerator grid reduces to 0.2 mm.Accordingly,the hot gap between the accelerator grid and the decelerator grid increases to 1.5 mm.According to the fluid method,the plasma density simulated in most regions of the discharge chamber is 1?×?10~(18)-8?×?10~(18)m~(-3).The upstream plasma density of the screen grid is in the range 6?×?10~(17)-6?×?10~(18)m~(-3)and displays a parabolic characteristic.The charged particle tracing simulation method results show that the ion beam current without the thermal deformation of triple grids has optimal perveance status.The ion sputtering rates of the accelerator grid hole and the decelerator hole are 5.5?×?10~(-14)kg s~(-1)and 4.28?×?10~(-14)kg s~(-1),respectively,while after the thermal deformation of the triple grids,the ion beam current has over-perveance status.The ion sputtering rates of the accelerator grid hole and the decelerator hole are 1.41?×?10~(-13)kg s~(-1)and 4.1?×?10~(-13)kg s~(-1),respectively.The anode current is a key factor for the triple grid lifetime in situations where the structural strength of the grids does not change with temperature variation.The average sputtering rates of the accelerator grid and the decelerator grid,which were measured during the 1500 h lifetime test in5 k W operating conditions,are 2.2?×?10~(-13)kg s~(-1)and 7.3?×?10~(-13)kg s~(-1),respectively.These results are in accordance with the simulation,and the error comes mainly from the calculation distribution of the upstream plasma density of the grids.     

基于煤化工工艺模糊控制器的技术改进

模糊控制与传统的PID控制有着相似之处,又有着本质的区别,通过对煤炭加工中高温炼焦和化学品回收的模糊控制器分析,改进模糊控制器设计,为工程技术人员设计应用模糊控制系统提供参考。     

浅除盐水技术运行总结

浅除盐水技术在该厂业已运行8年，该文系运行技术总结。文章简介了阳床副产软水技术和废氨水代替氢氧化钠再生阴树脂的方法。     

化学除盐过程中阳床副产软水技术

化学除盐过程中阳床副产软水技术江苏省丰县化肥厂（江苏丰县，２２１７００）黄永杰谢乐侠小型氮肥厂生产过程中不仅需要大量除盐水，而且还需要相当数量的软水。软水的提供，一般另设两台阳床以钠离子交换来实现，需消耗较多的食盐。如果用除盐水代替软水，则费用较高，...     

基于层合板理论的多层加筋碎石垫层承载特性分析

为研究多层加筋垫层自身极限承载特性,考虑多层土工格栅的加筋作用,假设加筋垫层为层合板,并根据静力平衡条件和应变连续条件,分析得出加筋垫层的极限承载能力计算方法,通过室内试验对理论推导公式进行结果验证。研究结果表明:理论计算与试验结果吻合较好;随着格栅层数、垫层厚度、碎石抗剪强度的增加,多层加筋垫层自身极限承载能力增强;随着桩间距和底层格栅距桩帽距离的增大,多层加筋垫层自身极限承载能力降低。     

催化褪色光度法测定粮食中的痕量铜

基于 pH 6.5的磷酸盐缓冲介质中铜对高碘酸钾氧化胭脂红褪色反应的催化作用 ,提出一种催化褪色光度法测定痕量铜的新方法 ,并研究了该方法的适宜反应条件 .该方法的Cu(Ⅱ )检出限为 1 .1× 1 0 - 7g/L ,线性范围为 1 0mL的比色管中Cu(Ⅱ )含量 0～ 0 .5μg .该方法用于粮食中痕量铜的测定时 ,结果较准确 .     

精馏过程控制中软测量技术的研究与应用

分析精馏过程中一些变量与其他变量之间的关联性,提出软测量技术概念,利用基于人工神经网络的软测量方法,推算出精馏塔底浓度与提馏段温度数学模型,解决了塔底物料浓度测量误差的问题。     

高职院校《过程控制技术》课程教学方法改革探讨

《过程控制技术》是高职高专院校自动化类专业的核心课程。针对《过程控制技术》课程教学,在特色教学讲义、教学内容、教学手段及方法方面做了大胆的改革尝试,为高职院校课程教学方法的改革研究提供参考。