万年历还剩93年

手表显示日期看上去是一个基础简单的功能。但是每当碰到闰年、闰月的情况，大部分的机械手表都需要手动调整日期来纠正显示错误。为了解决这个技术上的难题，万年历手表诞生了。[编者按]     

一种新型电力监控系统的研究

从工业自动化领域几种典型的现场总线出发，研究了LON总线的技术概况。并设计了一套采用LON总线的全分布式监控系统，用于监控电网的状态，系统采用了最小二乘方滤波。经过实验表明该设计方案是可行的。     

Computation of surface orientation and structure of objects using grid coding

In this correspondence, algorithms are introduced to infer surface orientation and structure of visible object surfaces using grid coding. We adopt the active lighting technique to spatially ``encode' the scene for analysis. The observed objects, which can have surfaces of arbitrary shape, are assumed to rest on a plane (base plane) in a scene which is ``encoded' with light cast through a grid plane. Two orthogonal grid patterns are used, where each pattern is obtained with a set of equally spaced stripes marked on a glass pane. The scene is observed through a camera and the object surface orientation is determined using the projected patterns on the object surface. If the surfaces under consideration obey certain smoothness constraints, a dense orientation map can be obtained through proper interpolation. The surface structure can then be recovered given this dense orientation map. Both planar and curved surfaces can be handled in a uniform manner. The algorithms we propose yield reasonably accurate results and are relatively tolerant to noise, especially when compared to shape-from-shading techniques. In contrast to other grid coding techniques reported which match the grid junctions for depth reconstruction under the stereopsis principle, our techniques use the direction of the projected stripes to infer local surface orientation and do not require any correspondence relationship between either the grid lines or the grid junctions to be specified. The algorithm has the ability to register images and can therefore be embedded in a system which integrates knowledge from multiple views.     

Parallel 2-d convolution on a mesh connected array processor

In this correspondence, a parallel 2-D convolution scheme is presented. The processing structure is a mesh connected array processor consisting of the same number of simple processing elements as the number of pixels in the image. For most windows considered, the number of computation steps required is the same as that of the coefficients of a convolution window. The proposed scheme can be easily extended to convolution windows of arbitrary size and shape. The basic idea of the proposed scheme is to apply the 1-D systolic concept to 2-D convolution on a mesh structure. The computation is carried out along a path called a convolution path in a systolic manner. The efficiency of the scheme is analyzed for windows of various shapes. The ideal convolution path is a Hamiltonian path ending at the center of the window, the length of which is equal to the number of window coefficients. The simple architecture and control strategy make the proposed scheme suitable for VLSI implementation.     

Significance of Wood Terpenoids in the Resistance of Scots Pine Provenances Against the Old House Borer, Hylotrupes bajulus, and Brown-Rot Fungus, Coniophora puteana

We tested how terpenoid (i.e., monoterpenes and resin acids) composition and concentration in wood affects resistance against wood-borers and decaying fungi. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) wood from nine provenances having variable terpenoid profiles was studied against the old house borer, Hylotrupes bajulus, and the decay fungus, Coniophora puteana. Provenances represented a 1200-km N-S transect from Estonia to northern Finland, but they were all cultivated for 7 years in the same nursery field, in central Finland. Mean relative growth rate (MRGR) of small H. hajulus larvae positively correlated with the total monoterpene concentration of wood, and feeding was associated with high proportion of levopimaric+palustric acid in wood. Provenance did not affect the MRGR of small or big larvae, but big larvae consumed more wood and produced more frass on the northern Ylitornio trees than on the southern Rakvere and Ruokolahti trees. Low beta-pinene and total monoterpene concentration and low beta: alpha-pinene ratio in wood were all associated with a high number of eggs. The most northern Muonio provenance was the most favored as an oviposition site, differing significantly from Saaremaa, Tenhola, and Suomussalmi. Wood from Saaremaa, Tenhola, Ruokolahti, and Suomussalmi provenance was most resistant against decay fungus, differing significantly from that of Kinnula provenance. However, decay resistance was not clearly associated with the concentrations of wood terpenoids. These results suggest that monoterpene composition of wood affects resistance against wood-boring Cerambycid beetles, but resistance against wood-decaying fungi is not as clearly associated with wood terpenoids.     

Chemical Defense in the Plant Bug Lopidea robiniae (Uhler)

Secretions from the metathoracic glands (MTG) of the black locust bug, Lopidea robiniae (Uhler) (Heteroptera: Miridae) contained six major compounds, including (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-octen-1-ol (E)-2-heptenal, and (Z)-3-octen-1-ol. Males and females did not differ significantly in the relative compositions of identified compounds. In feeding trials, six bird species [robin (Turdus migratorious), blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata), brown thrasher (Toxostoma rufum), killdeer (Charadrius vociferus), starling (Sturnus vulgaris), and house wren (Troglodytes aedon)] demonstrated feeding aversions towards L. robiniae, implying that black locust bugs are chemically defended. Bugs discharged the liquid contents of their MTG when attacked, thereby producing a strong and distinct odor. Some birds immediately ejected bugs out of their mouth after biting them, suggesting that the MTG secretion was a deterrent.     

新的广谱内吸β—甲氧基丙烯酸类杀菌剂嘧菌酯（ICIA5504）

ICI A 5504是高效广谱杀菌剂,化学名称为(E)-2-[2-[6-(2-氰基苯氧基)嘧啶-4-基氧]苯基]-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯。在温室活体试验表明,本品对主要的子囊菌、担子菌、半知菌和卵菌等植物病原菌的LC_(95)均<1毫克有效成分/升。本品有新的作用方式,对14-脱