DANUBIA: AN INTEGRATIVE SIMULATION SYSTEM FOR GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH IN THE UPPER DANUBE BASIN

We describe the concepts and design principles of the integrative simulation system DANUBIA, which supports the analysis of water-related global change scenarios in the Upper Danube Basin. DANUBIA provides an Internet-based platform integrating the distributed simulation models of all socioecological and natural science disciplines taking part in the GLOWA-Danube project, which is part of the German Programme on Global Change in the Hydrological Cycle. As a result of coupled simulations, transdisciplinary effects of mutually dependent processes can be analyzed and evaluated. Actually 13 simulation models of meteorology, land surface, water research, and social sciences are integrated in the DANUBIA system.

The development of DANUBIA is based on object-oriented software engineering and Web engineering methods and on the Unified Modeling Language (UML), which is used by all partners as a common graphical notation for modeling the integrative aspects of the system.

We describe how the mutually exchanged information between components is modeled and documented by interfaces, we discuss spatial aspects and show how simulation areas are represented, and we consider temporal aspects and describe the coordination of local models by a global time controller which constitutes the heart of any integrative DANUBIA simulation. Finally, we provide an overview of the architecture of the DANUBIA implementation that has been realized in Java. The implementation integrates a wrapper framework that hides the technical details of network communications.     

Algorithm to compute the complex stability radius†

An algorithm is presented for computing the complex stability radius of a stable matrix.     

Four years of ocean colour remote sensing with MOS-IRS

The imaging spectrometer MOS on IRS-P3 was launched in March 1996 as the first example of a new generation of ocean colour sensors. It consists of three different spectrometers in the visible/near-infrared spectral region with 18 channels. The IRS-P3 mission is focused on the remote sensing of case 2 water, particularly the derivation of different water constituents in coastal waters. Due to the more complex spectral behaviour of case 2 water, a new methodological approach was developed which works directly with satellite measured top-of-atmosphere radiance and accounts for the correlation of the different water constituents as well as for the spectral shape.

This paper gives an overview of the mission, the scientific goals and the development and improvement of the retrieval algorithms. The potential of the algorithm is demonstrated and examples of selected European coasts are shown. Derived maps of water constituents are presented.     

Thermostatic tissue platform for intravital microscopy: 'the hanging drop' model

Intravital microscopy imposes the particular problem of the combined control of the body temperature of the animal and the local temperature of the observed organ or tissues. We constructed and tested, in the rat ileum microcirculation preparation, a new organ‐support platform. The platform consisted of an organ bath filled with physiological solution, and contained a suction tube, a superfusion tube, an intestine‐support hand that was attached to a micromanipulator and a thermometer probe. To cover the intestine we used a cover glass plate with a plastic ring glued on its upper surface. After a routine procedure (anaesthesia, monitoring and surgery), the intestine segment (2–3 cm long) was gently exteriorized and placed on the ‘hand’ of the organ support. A small part of the intestine formed a small ‘island’ in the bath that was filled with physiological salt solution. The cover glass was secured in place. The physiological salt solution from the superfusion tube, which was pointed to the lower surface of the cover glass, formed a ‘hanging drop’. The objective of the microscope was then immersed into distilled water that was formed by the cover glass plastic ring. The ‘hanging drop’ technique prevented any tissue quenching, ensured undisturbed microcirculation, provided for stable temperature and humidity, and permitted a clear visual field.     

齿轮-轴承系统非线性振动混沌吸引子周期轨道控制

考虑轴承支撑齿轮传动系统建立了含多间隙的系统非线性动力学模型,模型中考虑了时变啮合刚度和综合传动误差等因素。基于OGY混沌控制改进策略对高维非双曲齿轮系统实施了多周期混沌控制,采用Newton-Raphson迭代法搜寻了P1、P2、P4和P8等多组不稳定周期轨道(Unstable Periodic Orbits,UPO)不动点,求解了各UPO解对应的Jacobi矩阵特征值和局部参数敏感度矢量,结合Poincaré截面等工具解析了混沌吸引子向P10周期轨道转换时的轨道间隔及迁移特性。在2 000周期步下对混沌吸引子实施了P1、P2、P4、P8和P10等多种周期组合式控制,结果表明在状态转换阶段,尤其30周期步内控制参数摄动量发生激增,此后恢复稳定且保持与目标控制轨道相同周期的状态演化;多周期轨道持续控制时周期状态越高,控制难度越大,所需参数摄动量相应增加。研究结果在理论上有助于齿轮系统混沌响应减振控制。     

Regional boundary layer airflow patterns derived from digital NOAA-AVHRR data

Abstract

NOAA AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) data make a significant contribution to information about boundary layer air flow patterns, especially over complex terrain, where wind fields are very often totally disconnected from upper air flows. An evaluation procedure which is based on different approaches, depending on the regional meteorological situation, is presented in this paper. It-includes (1) mapping of local cold air pools, (2) mapping of the vertical extent of temperature inversions and (3) mapping the extent and dynamics of fog layers. All the examples refer to the Swiss Alps and the surrounding basins.     

超大型硫酸装置用新型鼓风机

介绍了西门子公司为响应行业发展趋势、挑战单台设备规格极限而开发的新一代鼓风机。新一代鼓风机适用于4 000～6 000 t/d大型硫酸装置,从而使单台鼓风机布置成为可能。对单台与双台鼓风机布置进行了比较,通过一则案例研究说明用新型高效鼓风机替换原有鼓风机可能节约的能量。