一种分散在多孔碳上的碳包覆硅负极的制备及应用

硅负极具有高比容量的显著优势,其理论比容量（4 200 mA∙h/g）达到传统石墨负极的10倍以上,被认为是锂离子电池最有潜力的负极之一。然而,硅负极存在导电性较差、充放电过程中体积膨胀巨大等诸多问题,导致其循环性能较差,限制了大规模实际应用。本文提供了一种高性能硅负极的制备方法及应用,通过将硅负极分散在多级孔碳中,连同黏结剂聚丙烯腈涂覆在集流体上,再对极片进行热处理实现聚丙烯腈碳包覆,有效提高电极的整体导电性并能为巨大的体积变化提供空间,从而提升硅负极的大倍率性能和循环稳定性。     

推土机低温适应性研究及应用

推土机在低温环境下使用,常出现发动机启动困难,传动、液压、电气系统故障率高等问题.为解决推土机低温环境下使用问题,通过分析影响推土机低温使用性能的因素,提出了提升推土机低温性能措施,并对相关措施进行了实际应用.应用结果证明了提升推土机低温性能措施的有效性,使推土机可以在低温环境下正常使用.     

Fabrication of direct Z-scheme FeIn2S4/Bi2WO6 hierarchical heterostructures with enhanced photocatalytic activity for tetracycline hydrochloride photodagradation

A series of direct Z-scheme FeIn₂S₄/Bi₂WO₆ hierarchical heterostructures with intimate interface contacts were synthesized by in-situ growth route and characterized by systematical analyses. All as-prepared FeIn₂S₄/Bi₂WO₆ nanocomposites showed significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity towards photodegradation for the removal of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) in comparison with individual FeIn₂S₄ and Bi₂WO₆. Meanwhile, the highest photocatalytic degradation activity can be achieved by modulating adding amount of FeIn₂S₄ in FeIn₂S₄/Bi₂WO₆ nanocomposites and the optimized component ratio of FeIn₂S₄ to Bi₂WO₆ is determined to be 10 wt%. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be ascribed to efficient separation between photogenerated holes and electrons based on the construction of direct Z-scheme system. The high photocatalytic stability of resultant 10 wt% FeIn₂S₄/Bi₂WO₆ nanocomposites was revealed through six successive recycling reactions. The main intermediate generated during TCH photodegradation was explored by HPLC-MS. Besides, the direct Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism was confirmed by band position analysis, electron spin resonance (ESR) and active species capture experiment.     

An effective approach for reliability-based robust design optimization of uncertain powertrain mounting systems involving imprecise information

The uncertain parameters of automotive powertrain mounting systems (PMSs) may involve imprecise information (e.g., incomplete, different and conflicting information) in engineering practice. An effective approach is proposed for the reliability-based robust design optimization (RBRDO) of uncertain PMSs involving imprecise information. In the proposed approach, the imprecise information of uncertain parameters is firstly addressed and combined based on evidence theory, and the uncertain parameters are treated as evidence variables. Then, an uncertainty analysis method named evidence perturbation-central difference method (EPCDM) is derived to fast estimate the mean intervals, standard deviation intervals, and the belief and plausibility measures related to system inherent characteristics. A reference method named evidence-Monte Carlo method (EMCM) is developed to verify the effectiveness of EPCDM. Next, to conduct robustness design, the weighted sum of the lower bounds of means and the upper bounds of standard deviations of system inherent characteristics are taken to construct optimization objective; while to perform reliability design, the belief measures related to system inherent characteristics are used to create reliability constraints. Afterwards, a nested RBRDO model is established to explore the optimum design of the PMS, which considers both reliability and robustness simultaneously. The nested PBRDO can be effectively simplified based on EPCDM. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is finally demonstrated by the application example.

     

陶瓷及其生产用矿物原料市场研究

近年来,欧洲陶瓷市场趋于饱和,增长十分缓慢;但在中国和中东这些发展中国家,城市人口和占地面积的急剧增长推动了陶瓷业的发展。在住房和建筑领域,陶瓷业也出现了反弹,为高岭土、锆石、长石这类矿产的供应商们创造了机会,预期这类工业矿物的消费在今后十年中会出现增长。本文主要介绍了世界陶瓷市场现状,及几种典型陶瓷用矿物原料的生产、消费、市场情况,以及陶瓷用矿物原料在陶瓷行业的应用发展趋势。     

基于关键点的儿童座便器接触面设计方法研究

目的 针对人机接触面设计的复杂性，提出基于关键点的儿童座便器接触面设计方法，增加儿童坐便器的舒适性。方法 根据儿童身体尺寸制作陶土实验模型，长宽高尺寸分别为200 mm´250 mm´173 mm。选取左右两侧坐骨结节和臀沟下缘为接触面关键点，共有二十位儿童完成了乘坐实验，每次实验结束后利用柯尼卡美能达公司(VIVID-910)激光扫描仪对实验模型进行扫描，将实验模型转化为有关计算机辅助设计的数字化模型，并得出关键点坐标数据。以百分位为主要分析手段对样本数据进行典型尺度等级划分，确定关键点的统计数值。结果 利用了Creo Parametric 1.0参数化设计软件和关键点坐标数据构建曲面，完成了儿童座便器设计。结论 该方法不仅为儿童坐便器优化提供了新的参考，而且在人机接触面设计领域具有一定的适用性。     

基于改进FMEA法的装配式混凝土建筑建造质量风险评价

为了有效分析装配式混凝土建筑关键建造质量风险因素，提高相关方质量管理水平，对建造质量风险因素进行收 集归纳，建立装配式混凝土建筑建造质量风险评价指标体系，提出基于模糊 TOPSIS 和变权法改进的 FMEA 风险评价模型。 考虑装配式混凝建筑风险指标评价要素状态值的多变性，将惩罚型变权法引入评价要素客观权重确定中，建立各风险指标 评价要素的加权规范化矩阵，再利用 TOPSIS 逼近理想解的原理进行风险排序，得到风险优先等级，并结合实例验证该方 法的可行性和可操作性，从而为装配式混凝土建造质量风险管理提供一种新思路。     

高钛渣氧化焙烧行为研究

针对钛工业对人造金红石品质的要求,进行高钛渣常规氧化焙烧试验,考察不同焙烧温度下高钛渣样品重量变化、二氧化钛品位、脱硫和脱碳效果。结果表明,高钛渣在常规焙烧条件下主要发生低价金属氧化物的氧化反应,随着焙烧温度的提高,氧化反应越容易进行,因此样品重量增重越明显,同时二氧化钛品位由于样品总重量的增加而明显下降,而杂质中的硫和碳在高温下与氧结合生成SO2、CO和CO2逸出。