木质素降解菌对腐殖质形成的影响的研究

采用接种培养方法研究了不同木质素降解菌对木质素降解率、腐殖质总量、各组分含量及胡敏酸E4/E6的影响.结果表明,接种黄孢原毛平革菌和栗褐链霉菌对稻草的降解均有所提高,56天培养后,二者的木质素降解率分别达到40.86%和31.04%,而对照组(只含有土著微生物)只有10.56%.接种黄孢原毛平革菌和栗褐链霉菌显著提高了腐殖质产量,这两种不同木质素降解菌产生腐殖质的最大值分别是对照组的2.10和2.13倍,但二者降解木质素形成腐殖质的途径有所不同.培养结束后,各条件下土壤中胡敏酸E4/E6均有所增加,表明胡敏酸的芳构化程度有所减弱.     

从环境侵害看环境法的使命

环境侵害与"人的利益损害"两者关系的发现对正确认识环境侵权是很有助益的.侵权行为法所要解决也是所能解决的是包含在环境侵害中的"人的利益损害".环境法学者在界定环境侵权的概念时之所以不愿意接受侵权行为法限定的侵权的范围,总想有所突破,是因为他们不只关心由人类环境行为所造成的"人的利益损害",而是还关心这种行为所引起的环境破坏以及其它不良后果;是因为他们心里装的是整个环境,而不只是由人类行为引起的环境变化带给具体的个人或群体的利益损害.他们希望环境侵权法既可以保护人的利益,使公民、法人的利益损害得到补偿,又可以防止环境破坏,使不直接归属于具体的自然人或法人的环境利益也得到保护.然而,侵权行为法的功能是有限的,环境侵权法不是解决环境问题的万应灵药,我们也不应该给环境侵权更多的拖累.根据上文对环境侵害与"人的利益损害"两者之间的不一致的分析,我们可以对以往环境侵权定义中存在的几个问题做进一步的分析:首先,环境侵权是否包括环境破坏或生态破坏.     

Transformation behavior of lead fractions during composting of lead-contaminated waste

The transformation behaviors of Pb fractions during composting of Pb-polluted waste without inoculants and with the inoculants of Phanerochaete chrysosporium were studied. Results show that the active Pb ions with high toxicity and transferability are transformed into the inactive Pb with low toxicity and transferability, confirming that Pb ions can be efficiently immobilized during composting without or with the inoculants. The soluble-exchangeable Pb in composting without inoculants reaches 49.0 mg/kg at day 60, while that with the inoculants is reduced to 0 mg/kg dry mass compost. The higher contents of organic-bound Pb (59.0 mg/kg) and residual Pb (69.2 mg/kg) with low toxicity are found after 60-day composting with inoculants, compared with those without inoculants. The above data indicate the better immobilization effect of Pb and the greater alleviation of Pb hazards in composting with the inoculants of Phanerochaete chrysosporium than without inoculants, which may be due to the more microbial biomass and the higher pH value in composting of Pb-polluted waste with inoculants.     

Determination of trace mercury in compost extract by inhibition based glucose oxidase biosensor

A novel inhibition based biosensor of glucose oxidase(GOx) for environmental mercury detection was developed. An electropolymerized aniline membrane was prepared on a platinum electrode containing ferrocene as electron transfer mediator, on which GOx was cross-linked by glutaraldehyde. The response of the sensor was based on the current reduction in the electrochemical system by inhibition of mercury against GOx electrode. The detection limit of the inhibition-based sensor for mercury is 0.49 μg/L, and the linear response ranges are 0.49-783.21 μg/L and 783.21 μg/L-25.55 mg/L. The GOx membrane can be completely reactivated after inhibition, and remains 70% of the activity in more than one month. The sensor was used for mercury determination in compost extract with good results.