合理控制工程造价的几种方法

就如何进行工程造价的控制问题,从加强建设项目决策阶段的控制和加强设计阶段的造价管理两方面对合理控制工程造价的方法进行了阐述,最终达到投资效益的最大化。     

Alumina nanostructures prepared by two-step anodization process

Alumina nanostructures were obtained by two-step anodization process.The porous anodic aluminum oxide(AAO)membranes were anodized in oxalic acid,which was subsequently treated with chemical etching process with 1.0 mol/L sodiumhydroxide solution,or mixed solution of phosphoric acid(6.0%)and chromic acid(1.8%),respectively.Field emission scanningelectron microscopy(FE-SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)were employed to character the morphology andstructure of the obtained alumina nanostructure.It is found that alumina nanowires are generated in the acidic chemical etchingsolution,while nanotube structures are formed in the alkaline solution.The influence of acid and alkaline solution on aluminamorphologies in the chemical etching process was discussed.     

限额设计在控制造价工程中的应用研究

介绍了工程建设中限额设计的意义及提倡限额设计的必要性,从设计人员的经济核算、初步设计、优化设计、设计变更四个设计环节论述了限额设计在控制造价工程中的应用,以有效控制工程造价,推广应用限额设计。